#1
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of physiological needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationFocuses on prioritizing basic physiological requirements.
#2
What is the primary focus of the Two-Factor Theory of emotion?
Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
ExplanationHighlights the interplay between bodily responses and mental understanding in emotional experiences.
#3
Which motivation theory proposes that individuals are motivated by the belief that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes?
Expectancy Theory
ExplanationFocuses on the expectation of outcomes as a driving force for motivation.
#4
What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in activities for their own sake, while extrinsic motivation involves pursuing goals for external rewards.
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation is driven by internal satisfaction, while extrinsic is driven by external rewards.
#5
Which motivation theory suggests that individuals are driven by the desire to fulfill their innate psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationEmphasizes intrinsic motivation through fulfilling basic psychological needs.
#6
In the context of stress, what does the term 'eustress' refer to?
Positive stress that motivates and energizes an individual
ExplanationBeneficial stress that promotes motivation and energy.
#7
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens simultaneously during an emotional response?
Physiological arousal and emotional experience
ExplanationSuggests that bodily reactions and emotional feelings occur simultaneously.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a component of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) proposed by Hans Selye?
Acceptance
ExplanationAcceptance is not a stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome.
#9
What concept suggests that an individual's emotional experience is the result of a two-step process involving physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation?
Schachter-Singer Theory
ExplanationEmotional experiences are influenced by both bodily reactions and cognitive evaluations.
#10
Which stress management technique involves consciously focusing on the present moment without judgment?
Mindfulness Meditation
ExplanationDirecting attention to the present moment to alleviate stress.
#11
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what role does facial expression play in emotional experience?
Facial expressions influence the intensity of emotional experience.
ExplanationFacial expressions can affect the strength of emotional feelings.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A personality?
Competitive and time-conscious behavior
ExplanationType A personalities exhibit competitive and time-sensitive behaviors.
#13
According to Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Model, what plays a crucial role in determining stress levels?
The primary appraisal of stressors
ExplanationInitial assessment of stressors determines subsequent stress responses.
#14
According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?
There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance.
ExplanationPerformance improves with arousal up to an optimal level, then declines.
#15
What is the central idea behind the Conservation of Resources Theory of stress?
People are motivated to protect their existing resources.
ExplanationIndividuals strive to maintain and protect their available resources.
#16
According to the transactional model of stress, which factor influences an individual's perception of a stressor?
Personality traits
ExplanationIndividual differences in personality shape the interpretation of stressors.
#17
According to the Job Demand-Control model, what is the impact of high job demands and low job control on stress levels?
It leads to burnout.
ExplanationHigh demands coupled with low control contribute to burnout.