#1
Which of the following is a key characteristic of healthy relationships?
Respect and mutual support
ExplanationRespect and mutual support are fundamental for maintaining healthy relationships.
#2
According to social identity theory, what is one way individuals enhance their self-esteem?
By categorizing themselves into specific social groups
ExplanationCategorizing into social groups according to social identity theory bolsters self-esteem.
#3
In social psychology, what does the term 'pluralistic ignorance' refer to?
A false belief that others have different attitudes or beliefs than oneself
ExplanationPluralistic ignorance denotes the mistaken perception of differing attitudes or beliefs among peers.
#4
In social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup bias' refer to?
The tendency to favor one's own group over other groups
ExplanationIngroup bias involves showing preference towards one's own group compared to others.
#5
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing personal successes to internal factors while blaming external factors for failures.
#6
What is the concept that refers to the tendency to be more favorable toward people we see frequently?
Familiarity principle
ExplanationThe familiarity principle explains our inclination towards those we encounter often.
#7
In social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup' refer to?
A group to which we belong
ExplanationThe ingroup encompasses individuals with shared identities or affiliations.
#8
What is the primary focus of attachment theory?
The formation and maintenance of close relationships
ExplanationAttachment theory primarily examines the dynamics of forming and sustaining close bonds.
#9
Which factor is NOT typically considered important in the development of interpersonal attraction?
Perceived intelligence
ExplanationPerceived intelligence is not a primary factor in interpersonal attraction.
#10
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own actions to external factors while attributing others' actions to internal factors?
Actor-observer bias
ExplanationThe actor-observer bias involves attributing one's actions externally and others' internally.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a type of love proposed by psychologist Robert Sternberg?
Intrinsic love
ExplanationIntrinsic love is not a category proposed within Robert Sternberg's love theory.
#12
What is the term for the tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than members of ingroups?
Outgroup homogeneity effect
ExplanationThe outgroup homogeneity effect involves perceiving outgroup members as more alike than ingroup members.
#13
Which theory suggests that individuals are more likely to comply with a request if it is presented by an authority figure?
Milgram's obedience to authority
ExplanationMilgram's obedience to authority theory posits increased compliance with requests from authority figures.
#14
Which theory suggests that individuals are more likely to form relationships with those who are physically close to them?
Proximity principle
ExplanationThe proximity principle asserts that physical closeness increases the likelihood of relationship formation.
#15
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals in a group suppress their own opinions to maintain harmony within the group?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink describes the suppression of dissenting opinions in favor of group harmony.
#16
Which theory proposes that individuals seek relationships that provide them with the maximum reward at the lowest cost?
Social exchange theory
ExplanationSocial exchange theory posits that relationships are based on a cost-benefit analysis.
#17
What is the term for the phenomenon where people in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively compared to individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing describes the tendency for reduced individual effort in group settings.
#18
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to comply with a request if it is preceded by a smaller favor?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationThe foot-in-the-door technique exploits the tendency for compliance after initial agreement.
#19
Which concept suggests that people are more likely to help others who are similar to themselves?
Similarity-attraction hypothesis
ExplanationThe similarity-attraction hypothesis asserts that likeness increases the propensity for assistance.
#20
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to conform to the majority opinion, even if they disagree with it?
Social conformity
ExplanationSocial conformity involves aligning behavior or beliefs with the majority, often despite personal disagreement.
#21
Which psychological concept describes the tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situational factors when explaining others' behavior?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationThe fundamental attribution error involves overvaluing personality and undervaluing situational factors in explaining behavior.
#22
What is the term for the tendency to prefer moderate viewpoints when exposed to extreme viewpoints within a group?
Group polarization
ExplanationGroup polarization describes the inclination towards more extreme opinions within a group setting.
#23
Which psychological concept describes the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group setting compared to when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing explains reduced individual effort in group contexts compared to individual tasks.
#24
Which psychological concept describes the tendency for individuals to change their behavior in response to direct orders from an authority figure?
Obedience
ExplanationObedience refers to complying with orders, particularly from authority figures, often overriding personal conscience.
#25
According to social identity theory, what is the term for the process of categorizing oneself and others into social groups?
Social categorization
ExplanationSocial categorization involves classifying oneself and others into social groups, as per social identity theory.