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The Structure and Functions of the United States Judicial System Quiz

#1

Which article of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch?

Article III
Explanation

Article III

#2

What is the highest court in the United States?

Supreme Court
Explanation

Highest court

#3

Which of the following is NOT a level of the federal court system in the United States?

State Supreme Court
Explanation

Not a federal level

#4

Who has the authority to nominate federal judges?

President
Explanation

President nomination

#5

Which of the following is not a power of the Supreme Court?

Appointing federal judges
Explanation

Not a power

#6

Who nominates federal judges, including Supreme Court justices?

President
Explanation

President nominates

#7

What is the role of the judiciary in the system of checks and balances?

To interpret laws
Explanation

Interpret laws

#8

What is the term for the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time?

Original jurisdiction
Explanation

Original jurisdiction

#9

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a trial by jury?

Sixth Amendment
Explanation

Sixth Amendment

#10

What is the term for a legal document requesting a higher court to review a lower court’s decision?

Appeal
Explanation

Higher court review

#11

Who is the current Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (as of 2024)?

John Roberts
Explanation

John Roberts

#12

What is the term length for federal judges, including Supreme Court justices?

Lifetime
Explanation

Lifetime term

#13

What is the purpose of the appellate court system in the United States?

To review decisions made by lower courts
Explanation

Review decisions

#14

What is the name of the doctrine that requires courts to follow the precedent established by prior decisions?

Stare decisis
Explanation

Stare decisis

#15

What is the term for a legal principle that requires authorities to show just cause before taking action against an individual?

Habeas corpus
Explanation

Just cause principle

#16

Which landmark Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison
Explanation

Judicial review case

#17

In which type of case would a federal court have jurisdiction?

A federal tax dispute
Explanation

Federal tax dispute

#18

Which federal court has original jurisdiction over cases involving disputes between states?

Supreme Court
Explanation

Dispute jurisdiction

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