#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of Piaget's concrete operational stage of cognitive development?
Abstract reasoning
Symbolic thought
Development of conservation
Egocentrism
#2
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Jean Piaget
Howard Gardner
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
#3
Who is known for his research on moral development, proposing stages such as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality?
Sigmund Freud
Lawrence Kohlberg
Abraham Maslow
Carol Gilligan
#4
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a child applies a word too broadly, to a wider collection of objects or events than is appropriate?
Overgeneralization
Underextension
Holophrastic speech
Telegraphic speech
#5
According to Jean Piaget, what is the term for the process of adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
Cognition
#6
Which theorist emphasized the importance of cultural tools and the role of social interaction in cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Howard Gardner
#7
Which of the following is NOT one of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Guilt vs. Shame
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Independence vs. Attachment
#8
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance
The stage of development where children imitate the behavior of others
The period when children start using language to represent objects and events
The ability to understand and regulate one's emotions
#9
What is a key component of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?
Moral development stages
Hierarchy of needs
Stages of grief
Identity crisis
#10
What is scaffolding in the context of child development?
Providing temporary support to help a child accomplish a task
Restricting a child's behavior to prevent negative outcomes
Encouraging children to explore freely without interference
Teaching children through direct instruction
#11
Which of the following is NOT a type of parenting style identified by Diana Baumrind?
Authoritarian
Permissive
Indulgent
Demographic
#12
What is a primary focus of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
The role of biological factors in development
The impact of peers on social development
The influence of environmental systems on individuals
The effects of cultural values on personality
#13
Who introduced the concept of 'theory of mind,' which refers to the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others?
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Simon Baron-Cohen
#14
What is the term for the mental representation that children form of their caregivers, which influences their expectations of how others will respond to them?
Social script
Schema
Internal working model
Cognitive map
#15
What is the main concept behind the attachment theory proposed by John Bowlby?
Children learn through reinforcement and punishment
Children develop internal models of relationships based on their interactions with caregivers
Children's behavior is shaped by observing others
Children pass through stages of moral development
#16
According to the information-processing approach, what does the term 'chunking' refer to?
Breaking down information into smaller parts for easier understanding
Combining small pieces of information into larger, meaningful units
Memorizing information through repetition
Processing information using visual stimuli
#17
What is the term used to describe the period during which a child becomes capable of understanding and expressing language?
Cognitive development
Socialization
Language acquisition
Socioemotional development
#18
What is the term used to describe the ability to understand that others may have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own?
Social cognition
Empathy
Theory of mind
Perspective-taking
#19
Who is known for the concept of 'psychosocial crisis,' suggesting that each stage of life is characterized by a unique conflict that must be resolved?
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
John Bowlby