#1
Which document outlines the fundamental principles and rules that govern the United States?
U.S. Constitution
ExplanationThe foundational legal document of the United States, providing the framework for its government and laws.
#2
Who has the authority to interpret laws and ensure they are constitutional in the United States?
The Supreme Court
ExplanationThe highest court in the United States responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring they align with the Constitution.
#3
What is the highest court in the United States?
Supreme Court
ExplanationThe apex judicial body in the United States, responsible for interpreting the Constitution and federal laws.
#4
Who appoints justices to the Supreme Court?
The President
ExplanationThe President nominates individuals for the Supreme Court, subject to confirmation by the Senate.
#5
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court at any given time?
9
ExplanationThere are nine justices on the Supreme Court, including one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices.
#6
What is the term for a legal dispute between two parties that is brought before a court?
Lawsuit
ExplanationA legal action initiated by one party against another, typically resolved through a court process.
#7
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a trial by jury?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationThis amendment ensures the right to a fair and speedy trial, including the right to a jury.
#8
What is the term for the process where lawyers question potential jurors to determine their suitability for a trial?
Voir dire
ExplanationA pre-trial examination conducted to select impartial jurors by questioning their qualifications and biases.
#9
Which principle requires that similar cases be decided similarly by courts?
Stare decisis
ExplanationThe principle that once a legal issue is settled, it should serve as precedent for future similar cases, ensuring consistency in judicial decisions.
#10
Who was the first woman to serve as a Justice on the Supreme Court?
Sandra Day O'Connor
ExplanationSandra Day O'Connor was appointed as the first female Justice to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Reagan.
#11
Which landmark case established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional?
Marbury v. Madison
ExplanationThis case affirmed the Court's power of judicial review, granting it the authority to interpret the Constitution and strike down unconstitutional laws.
#12
What is the term for a legal precedent established by a higher court that must be followed by lower courts when dealing with similar cases?
Case law
ExplanationLegal principles and rulings established by higher courts that serve as binding precedent for lower courts in similar cases.
#13
Who is the current Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (as of 2024)?
John Roberts
ExplanationJohn Roberts serves as the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, appointed by President George W. Bush.
#14
Which Supreme Court case established the right to counsel for criminal defendants?
Gideon v. Wainwright
ExplanationThis case established the constitutional right to legal counsel for defendants in criminal cases, even if they cannot afford it.
#15
What is the term for a legal document requesting the Supreme Court to review a lower court decision?
Petition for certiorari
ExplanationA formal request asking the Supreme Court to review a lower court's decision, typically granted if the case involves significant legal issues.