Supreme Court Cases and Constitutional Rights Quiz

Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, granting the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, allowing racial segregation as long as facilities were deemed equal.

Griswold v. Connecticut established the right to privacy, particularly regarding contraceptive use between married couples.

Roper v. Simmons ruled that the death penalty for minors violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.

Schenck v. United States established the 'clear and present danger' test, allowing restrictions on free speech if it poses a clear and present danger to society.

Mapp v. Ohio ruled that the exclusionary rule, excluding illegally obtained evidence, applies to state criminal proceedings.

Rochin v. California established the 'shocks the conscience' standard, protecting individuals from extreme and outrageous government conduct violating due process.

Grutter v. Bollinger affirmed the constitutionality of affirmative action in university admissions, allowing the consideration of race as a factor.

Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp. established the 'market participant' exception, allowing states to favor their own citizens in certain economic activities without violating the Dormant Commerce Clause.

Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association established the 'public forum' doctrine, protecting speech in public places open for expression.

Katz v. United States established the 'reasonable expectation of privacy' test, protecting individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment.

New York Times v. Sullivan established the 'actual malice' standard, requiring public figures to prove that defamatory statements were made with knowledge of their falsity or with reckless disregard for the truth.

Grutter v. Bollinger upheld the use of race as a factor in university admissions, promoting diversity as a compelling state interest.

Herman & MacLean v. Huddleston established the 'clear and convincing evidence' standard for civil cases involving fraud, requiring a higher burden of proof.

Brandenburg v. Ohio established the 'imminent lawless action' test, protecting inflammatory speech unless it incites imminent lawless action.

United States v. Carolene Products Co. established the 'rational basis' test, allowing laws that are rationally related to a legitimate government interest.

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. established the 'public figure' doctrine, requiring public figures to prove actual malice in defamation cases.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District established the 'substantial disruption' test, protecting student speech unless it substantially disrupts the educational environment.

Lemon v. Kurtzman established the 'primary effects' test, evaluating whether a government action has the primary effect of advancing or inhibiting religion under the Establishment Clause.

Brandenburg v. Ohio established the 'incitement to imminent lawless action' test, protecting speech unless it incites imminent unlawful conduct.

Lynch v. Donnelly established the 'endorsement test,' examining whether government actions endorse or disapprove of religion under the Establishment Clause.

United States v. Carolene Products Co. established the 'rational basis' test, allowing economic regulations that are rationally related to a legitimate government interest.

Brown v. Board of Education established the 'child benefit theory,' invalidating racially segregated public schools by demonstrating that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal.

United States v. Carolene Products Co. established the 'compelling interest' test, requiring the government to demonstrate a compelling interest to justify laws subject to strict scrutiny.