#1
What is bias?
A tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something or someone
ExplanationBias refers to a tendency or inclination, either positive or negative, towards something or someone.
#2
Which of the following is an example of implicit bias?
An individual being unaware of their preference for hiring people from a certain ethnicity
ExplanationImplicit bias occurs when individuals unconsciously hold biases or preferences towards certain groups.
#3
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice is a belief, while discrimination is an action.
ExplanationPrejudice is a preconceived opinion or attitude towards a group, whereas discrimination involves actions or behaviors that result in unequal treatment.
#4
Which theory suggests that people tend to categorize others into groups to simplify their social world?
Social categorization theory
ExplanationSocial categorization theory posits that individuals naturally categorize others into groups to simplify their understanding of the social world.
#5
What is the contact hypothesis?
The theory that increased contact between majority and minority groups reduces prejudice
ExplanationThe contact hypothesis suggests that increased interaction between different groups can decrease prejudice and promote greater understanding.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence prejudice?
Genetic predisposition
ExplanationGenetic predisposition is not considered a factor influencing prejudice; instead, it is shaped by environmental and social factors.
#7
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior to adhere to group norms?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the act of adjusting one's behavior or beliefs to align with the norms of a group.
#8
Which theory suggests that people have a basic need to maintain and enhance their self-esteem, leading them to be prejudiced against groups that threaten their self-concept?
Terror management theory
ExplanationTerror management theory proposes that individuals may exhibit prejudice towards groups that challenge their self-concept or worldview, as a means of preserving their self-esteem in the face of existential fears.
#9
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals attribute their own negative behaviors to external factors while attributing others' negative behaviors to internal factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors, while attributing the successes and failures of others in the opposite manner.
#10
According to the social identity theory, what is the role of social categorization in intergroup behavior?
It leads to increased competition between groups
ExplanationSocial categorization leads individuals to identify with their own group, fostering a sense of belonging and camaraderie, but also leads to the categorization and differentiation of other groups, potentially resulting in competition and conflict.
#11
What is the term for the tendency to favor individuals who belong to the same group as oneself?
Ingroup bias
ExplanationIngroup bias refers to the tendency for individuals to favor members of their own group over those who belong to different groups.