#1
In the context of relationships, what does the 'mere exposure effect' suggest?
Familiarity breeds liking
ExplanationRepeated exposure to something or someone tends to increase liking or preference.
#2
What is the term for the psychological discomfort that arises from holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationPeople feel uneasy when their actions or beliefs contradict each other.
#3
What term describes the tendency for people to exert less effort when working collectively on a task than when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationIndividuals may reduce effort when part of a group, relying on others to compensate.
#4
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to conform to a group's norms in order to fit in or avoid rejection?
Conformity
ExplanationPeople adjust their behavior or beliefs to match group expectations, often to gain acceptance.
#5
What is the term for the tendency for people to perform tasks better when they are in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
ExplanationThe presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks.
#6
Which theory posits that people seek out relationships that maximize rewards and minimize costs?
Social exchange theory
ExplanationRelationships are based on a cost-benefit analysis where individuals seek the most advantageous interactions.
#7
According to social exchange theory, what is the primary driving force behind relationships?
Reciprocity
ExplanationMutual benefit drives relationships, where individuals seek to balance giving and receiving.
#8
Which concept in social psychology refers to the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics while overlooking situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationPeople tend to overemphasize internal traits and underestimate external circumstances when explaining others' actions.
#9
Which term describes the tendency for individuals to perform better on tasks in the presence of others than when alone?
Social facilitation
ExplanationThe presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks.
#10
Which theory suggests that individuals compare their abilities and opinions to those of others to gauge their relative standing?
Social comparison theory
ExplanationPeople evaluate themselves by comparing with others to understand their own abilities and opinions.
#11
In the context of attraction, what is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are drawn to those who are similar to them in various aspects?
Homophily
ExplanationPeople tend to be attracted to others who share similar characteristics or interests.
#12
Which factor is most likely to contribute to the effectiveness of persuasion?
Credible sources
ExplanationPersuasion is more effective when the source is perceived as trustworthy or credible.