#1
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to satisfy physiological needs such as hunger and thirst?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationHierarchy of needs theory proposing that individuals are driven to fulfill basic physiological requirements before advancing to higher-level needs.
#2
Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance, which suggests that individuals strive for internal consistency and that inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors creates discomfort?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationThe theorist behind cognitive dissonance theory, stating individuals seek internal consistency and experience discomfort with inconsistencies in attitudes and behaviors.
#3
What is the term for the process of adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard?
Conformity
ExplanationThe act of aligning one's behavior or thoughts with the established standards of a group.
#4
What phenomenon occurs when individuals' performance improves in the presence of others?
Social Facilitation
ExplanationThe situation where individuals exhibit enhanced performance when observed or working alongside others.
#5
What term refers to the phenomenon in which individuals adjust their behavior to align with the group's norms and values?
Conformity
ExplanationThe adjustment of behavior to match the established norms and values of a group.
#6
What term describes the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external, situational factors while attributing others' behaviors to internal characteristics?
Fundamental Attribution Error
ExplanationThe inclination to ascribe personal actions to external factors and others' actions to internal traits.
#7
Which experiment, conducted by Stanley Milgram, tested obedience to authority figures?
Milgram Experiment
ExplanationStanley Milgram's study assessing individuals' willingness to obey authority, often involving administering electric shocks.
#8
What is the term for a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure?
Conformity
ExplanationThe modification of behavior or beliefs due to actual or perceived influence from a group.
#9
What is the term for the tendency for people to exert less effort when they are working collectively in a group than when they are working individually?
Social Loafing
ExplanationThe inclination for individuals to reduce effort in a group setting compared to individual efforts.
#10
According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion involves deep cognitive processing and careful consideration of arguments?
Central Route
ExplanationPersuasion route involving thorough cognitive processing and careful evaluation of presented arguments.
#11
Which theory suggests that individuals evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others for accurate self-evaluation?
Social Comparison Theory
ExplanationConcept proposing that individuals gauge their opinions and skills by comparing with others for precise self-assessment.
#12
Who proposed the theory of reciprocal determinism, which states that behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences all interact and influence each other?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationThe theorist behind the concept of reciprocal determinism, asserting that behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences mutually affect and influence each other.