#1
Which of the following is an example of conformity?
Mary changes her opinion to match the rest of the group's.
ExplanationConformity involves individuals altering their behaviors or opinions to align with those of a group.
#2
In the Stanford prison experiment, who conducted the study?
Philip Zimbardo
ExplanationThe Stanford prison experiment was conducted by Philip Zimbardo to investigate the effects of perceived power on behavior.
#3
Which term describes a shared understanding of the norms and values that guide behavior in a particular group or culture?
Social norm
ExplanationA social norm refers to the accepted standards of behavior within a group or society.
#4
In Solomon Asch's conformity experiments, what was the primary task given to participants?
Matching line lengths
ExplanationParticipants in Solomon Asch's conformity experiments were asked to match line lengths to assess their susceptibility to group pressure.
#5
What does the term 'ingroup' refer to in social psychology?
A group to which an individual belongs or identifies with
ExplanationThe ingroup refers to the social group with which an individual identifies or belongs.
#6
What does the bystander effect refer to?
Decreased likelihood of assistance as the number of bystanders increases.
ExplanationThe bystander effect is the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present.
#7
Which term describes attributing other people's behavior to internal factors, while attributing our own behavior to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#8
What is the name of the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working collectively compared to when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing is the tendency for individuals to put forth less effort when working in a group than when working alone.
#9
Which theory suggests that individuals adjust their behavior or thinking to match that of others?
Social identity theory
ExplanationSocial identity theory posits that individuals align their behavior with that of a group they identify with to maintain a positive self-concept.
#10
What is the term for the tendency of group members to withhold contrary opinions in order to preserve group harmony?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink is the tendency for group members to prioritize harmony and conformity over critical evaluation and divergent viewpoints.
#11
What is the primary focus of cognitive dissonance theory?
How attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory focuses on the discomfort felt when attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent, leading individuals to seek alignment.
#12
Which term refers to the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors when evaluating others' behavior?
Actor-observer bias
ExplanationActor-observer bias is the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal traits while attributing one's own behavior to external factors.
#13
According to social identity theory, what are the two primary sources of self-esteem for individuals?
Social categorization and social identification
ExplanationSocial identity theory posits that self-esteem is derived from identifying with and belonging to social groups.
#14
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors?
Self-perception theory
ExplanationSelf-perception theory proposes that individuals infer their attitudes from observing their own behavior, striving for consistency.