#1
Which of the following is an example of normative social influence?
Laughing at a joke because others are laughing
ExplanationConforming to be liked or accepted by the group.
#2
What term is used to describe the tendency for individuals to conform to the group’s decision, even when that decision is objectively wrong?
Groupthink
ExplanationConforming to maintain group harmony, even if it leads to poor decisions.
#3
According to the Asch conformity experiments, what percentage of participants conformed to the incorrect group answer at least once?
75%
ExplanationApproximately 75% of participants conformed to the incorrect group answer in Asch's experiments.
#4
Which of the following is an example of informational social influence?
Investing in a stock because a financial expert recommends it
ExplanationConforming to gain knowledge or make informed decisions.
#5
Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of conformity?
Increased group unanimity
ExplanationConformity is more likely when the group is highly unanimous.
#6
What term refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working collectively in a group than when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationReduced effort in group tasks compared to individual tasks.
#7
Which experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram explored obedience to authority figures?
The Milgram experiment
ExplanationMilgram's study on obedience to authority figures.
#8
What is the bystander effect?
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when others are present
ExplanationReduced likelihood of helping in a group when others are present.
#9
Which theory of social influence suggests that people's behavior is influenced by their expectation of reward or punishment?
Social exchange theory
ExplanationBehavior influenced by the expectation of reward or punishment.
#10
Which of the following best describes the concept of social facilitation?
The phenomenon where the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks
ExplanationImproved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
#11
What is the primary difference between obedience and conformity?
Obedience occurs in response to direct commands from an authority figure, while conformity involves aligning behavior with the norms of a group.
ExplanationFollowing authority's commands versus aligning with group norms.
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to exert less effort when working collectively in a group than when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationReduced effort in group tasks compared to individual tasks.
#13
Which term describes the weakening of individual identity and erosion of personal responsibility when in a group?
Deindividuation
ExplanationLoss of individual identity and responsibility in a group.
#14
What is the term for the tendency for people to conform to the behavior or opinions of others in order to be liked or accepted by them?
Normative social influence
ExplanationConforming to gain social acceptance and be liked by others.
#15
Which psychologist conducted the famous 'shock' experiments on obedience to authority?
Stanley Milgram
ExplanationStanley Milgram conducted the 'shock' experiments on obedience to authority.
#16
What is the term for the tendency for individuals to align their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of a group?
Conformity
ExplanationAligning attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with the group.
#17
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals become less responsive to a repeated stimulus over time?
Habituation
ExplanationReduced responsiveness to a repeated stimulus over time.
#18
What is the main difference between normative and informational social influence?
Normative social influence involves conformity to avoid rejection, while informational social influence involves conformity to gain knowledge.
ExplanationConforming for social acceptance versus conforming for knowledge.
#19
In Milgram's obedience experiment, what percentage of participants administered the highest level of electric shock to the learner?
65%
ExplanationApproximately 65% administered the highest level of shock in Milgram's experiment.
#20
What ethical concerns were raised by Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments?
Participants were exposed to psychological harm
ExplanationEthical concerns related to psychological harm experienced by participants.
#21
What is meant by the term 'reactance' in the context of social influence?
The negative emotional response to being persuaded or coerced into adopting a belief or behavior
ExplanationNegative emotional response to persuasion or coercion.
#22
Which psychological phenomenon explains why people tend to conform to the behavior or opinions of a majority, even if they privately disagree?
Pluralistic ignorance
ExplanationConforming due to the mistaken belief that others' opinions are different.
#23
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to conform to a group's norms when they are observed by others?
Public compliance
ExplanationConforming to group norms when observed by others.
#24
In Solomon Asch's conformity experiments, what percentage of participants conformed to the incorrect group answer at least once?
50%
ExplanationApproximately 50% of participants conformed in Asch's experiments.