#1
Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication?
Making eye contact
ExplanationNon-verbal cues convey messages without using words.
#2
What is the key difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice involves attitudes, while discrimination involves actions
ExplanationPrejudice relates to biased beliefs; discrimination pertains to unfair treatment.
#3
What is the 'social exchange theory' in the context of interpersonal relationships?
The theory that individuals seek relationships that maximize rewards and minimize costs
ExplanationInterpersonal interactions involve cost-benefit analysis.
#4
What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
Conformity involves changing one's behavior to match others, while obedience involves following direct commands from authority figures.
ExplanationConformity stems from social pressure; obedience is a response to authority.
#5
According to social penetration theory, what is the process by which relationships develop?
Through self-disclosure and gradual revealing of one's inner self
ExplanationRelationships deepen as individuals disclose personal information.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences attraction according to the proximity principle?
Similarity
ExplanationProximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity influence attraction.
#7
What is the 'mere-exposure effect' in social psychology?
The tendency to like something more as we become more familiar with it
ExplanationRepeated exposure to a stimulus increases our preference for it.
#8
Which theory of attraction suggests that individuals are attracted to those who complement them?
Complementary needs theory
ExplanationPeople are drawn to others who possess qualities they lack.
#9
What is the 'mere presence effect' in social psychology?
The tendency for individuals to perform better on tasks when others are around
ExplanationImproved performance due to the presence of others.
#10
According to social identity theory, what contributes to an individual's self-esteem?
Social comparisons with others
ExplanationEvaluating oneself relative to social groups.
#11
What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
The tendency for individuals to intervene in emergencies when there are many other bystanders present
ExplanationReduced likelihood of assistance due to diffusion of responsibility.
#12
According to attachment theory, what is the primary function of attachment behaviors?
To promote emotional security
ExplanationAttachment fosters a sense of safety and comfort.
#13
What is the concept of 'group polarization' in social dynamics?
The tendency for group discussions to strengthen the initial attitudes of group members
ExplanationGroup interaction intensifies pre-existing opinions.
#14
In the context of conflict resolution, what does 'integrative bargaining' involve?
Finding a solution that satisfies the interests of both parties
ExplanationNegotiating for mutual benefit and resolution.
#15
Which concept in social psychology refers to the tendency for individuals to conform to the behavior of others in order to fit in?
Normative social influence
ExplanationConforming to gain social approval or avoid rejection.
#16
Which factor is NOT a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?
Attraction
ExplanationSternberg's theory comprises intimacy, passion, and commitment.
#17
According to the social identity theory, what contributes to in-group favoritism?
Perceived differences between in-group and out-group members
ExplanationFavoritism arises from social categorization and comparison.
#18
What is the fundamental attribution error in social psychology?
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors
ExplanationOverestimating dispositional factors and underestimating situational influences.