#1
Which theory suggests that individuals learn about their own abilities and attitudes by comparing themselves to others?
Social comparison theory
ExplanationIndividuals learn about themselves by comparing to others.
#2
What does the self-serving bias entail?
Attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
ExplanationSelf-serving bias: Attributing success internally, failure externally.
#3
Who proposed the concept of cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationCognitive dissonance was proposed by Leon Festinger.
#4
What is the term for adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard?
Social conformity
ExplanationAdjusting behavior to fit a group's standard is Social conformity.
#5
In social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup' refer to?
A group to which an individual belongs and identifies with
ExplanationIngroup: A group one belongs to and identifies with.
#6
Which term describes the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working collectively compared to when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationExerting less effort in a group: Social loafing.
#7
What is the term for the process of making inferences about the causes of one's own and others' behaviors?
Social cognition
ExplanationProcess of inferring behavior causes: Social cognition.
#8
Who proposed the self-perception theory?
Daryl Bem
ExplanationSelf-perception theory was proposed by Daryl Bem.
#9
Which term describes the tendency to conform to a group's decision-making process to maintain harmony?
Groupthink
ExplanationConforming to group decisions for harmony is termed Groupthink.
#10
According to self-perception theory, individuals infer their own attitudes by:
Observing their own behavior
ExplanationSelf-perception theory suggests attitudes are inferred by observing behavior.
#11
Which term describes the tendency to attribute other people's behaviors to internal factors and underestimate the influence of external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationFundamental attribution error: Overemphasizing internal attributions.
#12
Which term describes the tendency to conform to authority figures' commands, even against one's own moral judgment?
Obedience
ExplanationConforming to authority: Obedience even against moral judgment.
#13
In the context of social influence, what does the term 'normative social influence' refer to?
Conforming to a group's behavior due to a desire to fit in and be accepted
ExplanationNormative social influence: Conforming to fit in and be accepted.
#14
Which psychological phenomenon describes the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias favors information aligning with preexisting beliefs.
#15
What is the term for the loss of self-awareness and restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity?
Deindividuation
ExplanationLoss of self-awareness in groups: Deindividuation.
#16
Which term refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias: Attributing successes internally and failures externally.
#17
Who conducted the famous 'Robbers Cave Experiment' to study intergroup conflict and cooperation?
Muzafer Sherif
ExplanationRobbers Cave Experiment: Conducted by Muzafer Sherif.
#18
Which theory posits that people's attitudes are influenced by the observation of their own behavior?
Self-perception theory
ExplanationAttitudes are influenced by self-observation: Self-perception theory.
#19
What does the term 'pluralistic ignorance' refer to in social psychology?
The false belief that one's private thoughts are different from those of others
ExplanationPluralistic ignorance: Belief that private thoughts differ from others.
#20
Who proposed the theory of social identity?
Henri Tajfel
ExplanationTheory of social identity was proposed by Henri Tajfel.
#21
Which experiment demonstrated the power of conformity in social groups?
Asch conformity experiment
ExplanationAsch conformity experiment showed the power of group conformity.
#22
Which study demonstrated the tendency of individuals to comply with authority figures even when it involves morally questionable actions?
Milgram experiment
ExplanationMilgram experiment: Compliance with authority even for morally questionable actions.
#23
According to self-perception theory, when do individuals experience cognitive dissonance?
When their attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent
ExplanationCognitive dissonance arises when attitudes and behaviors conflict.
#24
Which experiment studied the influence of group size and social pressure on conformity?
Asch conformity experiment
ExplanationAsch conformity experiment studied group size and pressure influence.
#25
According to self-perception theory, when are individuals more likely to attribute their behavior to external factors?
When their behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes
ExplanationBehavior attributed externally when inconsistent with attitudes.