#1
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
ExplanationExcess dopamine activity is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a common negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations
ExplanationAuditory hallucinations are positive symptoms, not negative.
#3
What is the term for a false perception of a stimulus that is not present, such as hearing voices or seeing things that others do not?
Hallucination
ExplanationHallucinations involve perceiving stimuli that are not present in reality.
#4
Which of the following is a typical early sign of schizophrenia in the prodromal phase?
Social withdrawal
ExplanationSocial withdrawal often precedes the full onset of schizophrenia during the prodromal phase.
#5
What is the term for false beliefs that are resistant to reasoning or contrary to actual evidence?
Delusions
ExplanationDelusions are fixed false beliefs that are not amendable by logic.
#6
Which of the following is a common positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations
ExplanationAuditory hallucinations involve hearing voices or sounds without external stimuli.
#7
What is the term for a gradual decline in cognitive function, often observed in schizophrenia?
Dementia praecox
ExplanationDementia praecox refers to the cognitive deterioration often seen in schizophrenia.
#8
What is the primary characteristic of catatonia, a specifier for certain psychotic disorders?
Complete stillness
ExplanationCatatonia involves periods of complete immobility and unresponsiveness.
#9
Which of the following is a common cognitive symptom observed in schizophrenia?
Impaired memory
ExplanationSchizophrenia often presents with deficits in memory and cognitive function.
#10
Which neurotransmitter system is targeted by typical antipsychotic medications?
Dopamine
ExplanationTypical antipsychotics primarily block dopamine receptors to alleviate symptoms.
#11
Which of the following is a negative symptom commonly associated with schizophrenia?
Social withdrawal
ExplanationSocial withdrawal is a hallmark negative symptom of schizophrenia.
#12
In the DSM-5, how long must symptoms persist to diagnose schizophrenia?
6 months
ExplanationSymptoms must persist for at least six months for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
#13
Which subtype of schizophrenia is characterized by disorganized speech and behavior?
Disorganized
ExplanationDisorganized schizophrenia subtype manifests with incoherent speech and erratic behavior.
#14
Which antipsychotic medication is known for its potential to cause agranulocytosis, a severe reduction in white blood cells?
Clozapine
ExplanationClozapine carries a risk of agranulocytosis, necessitating careful monitoring.
#15
In the context of schizophrenia treatment, what is the term for a relapse of symptoms after a period of improvement?
Relapse
ExplanationRelapse refers to the return of symptoms after an initial improvement.
#16
What is the term for a state of stupor and unresponsiveness often seen in catatonic schizophrenia?
Catalepsy
ExplanationCatalepsy involves maintaining rigid postures for extended periods.
#17
In the context of schizophrenia, what does the term 'prodromal phase' refer to?
Early signs and symptoms before the full onset of the disorder
ExplanationThe prodromal phase indicates the early signs preceding the full onset of schizophrenia.
#18
What is the term for a severe reduction in the ability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities?
Avolition
ExplanationAvolition refers to a profound lack of motivation and goal-directed behavior.