#1
Which enzyme is responsible for the reverse transcription of retroviral RNA into DNA?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationCatalyzes the conversion of retroviral RNA into DNA.
#2
What is the primary target cell type for HIV infection?
T lymphocytes
ExplanationMainly infects T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
#3
Which retrovirus is associated with the development of adult T-cell leukemia?
HTLV-1
ExplanationHuman T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to adult T-cell leukemia.
#4
What is the role of the env gene in retroviruses?
Codes for envelope proteins
ExplanationEnv gene encodes proteins forming the retroviral envelope.
#5
What is the mechanism of retroviral entry into host cells?
Direct fusion with the plasma membrane
ExplanationRetroviruses directly fuse with the host cell's plasma membrane for entry.
#6
Which retrovirus is associated with causing a type of cancer known as Kaposi's sarcoma?
HHV-8
ExplanationHuman Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is linked to Kaposi's sarcoma.
#7
Which retroviral protein facilitates the integration of the viral DNA into the host genome?
Integrase
ExplanationIntegrase is responsible for integrating viral DNA into the host genome.
#8
Which retrovirus is associated with causing leukemia in animals?
MLV
ExplanationMurine Leukemia Virus (MLV) is linked to leukemia in animals.
#9
What is the function of the gag gene in retroviruses?
Capsid protein synthesis
ExplanationResponsible for the synthesis of retroviral capsid proteins.
#10
Which retrovirus is associated with causing immunodeficiency in non-human primates?
SIV
ExplanationSimian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) causes immunodeficiency in non-human primates.
#11
What is the significance of the pol gene in retroviruses?
Codes for reverse transcriptase and integrase
ExplanationPol gene encodes enzymes like reverse transcriptase and integrase.
#12
Which type of retrovirus is known to be endogenous and inherited in the germ line of some species?
HERV
ExplanationHuman Endogenous Retroviruses (HERV) are inherited in the germ line.
#13
What is the main function of the RRE (Rev-responsive element) in retroviral RNA?
Regulates RNA export from the nucleus
ExplanationRRE regulates the export of retroviral RNA from the nucleus.
#14
In retroviral replication, what is the function of the protease enzyme?
Cleaves viral proteins into functional units
ExplanationProtease cleaves viral proteins to form functional units.