#1
Which organ filters blood to remove waste and produce urine?
Kidney
ExplanationThe kidney filters blood, removing waste and producing urine.
#2
What is the term for the process of expelling urine from the bladder?
Micturition
ExplanationMicturition is the process of expelling urine from the bladder.
#3
Which structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
ExplanationThe ureter carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
#4
What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood?
Nephron
ExplanationThe nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood.
#5
Which hormone regulates the concentration of urine by affecting the reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ExplanationADH regulates urine concentration by influencing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Regulating blood glucose levels
ExplanationRegulating blood glucose levels is NOT a function of the kidneys.
#7
Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing nutrients, water, and ions back into the bloodstream?
Proximal convoluted tubule
ExplanationThe proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs nutrients, water, and ions into the bloodstream.
#8
Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney?
Glomerulonephritis
ExplanationGlomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli.
#9
What is the normal pH range of urine in a healthy individual?
6.0 - 7.0
ExplanationThe normal pH range of urine in a healthy individual is 6.0 - 7.0.
#10
Which condition involves the formation of mineral crystals in the urinary system?
Nephrolithiasis
ExplanationNephrolithiasis is the formation of mineral crystals in the urinary system.
#11
Which hormone stimulates the production of erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels?
Erythropoietin
ExplanationErythropoietin stimulates the production of erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels.
#12
Which of the following is not a symptom of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Hypertension
ExplanationHypertension is not a symptom of acute kidney injury (AKI).
#13
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex?
Angiotensin II
ExplanationAngiotensin II stimulates the production of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex.
#14
What is the primary function of the loop of Henle in the nephron?
Reabsorption of water and ions
ExplanationThe primary function of the loop of Henle is the reabsorption of water and ions.
#15
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing kidney stones?
Low fluid intake
ExplanationLow fluid intake is a risk factor for developing kidney stones.