#1
Which of the following is a common symptom of acute kidney injury?
Hyperkalemia
ExplanationElevated potassium levels in the blood
#2
Which condition is characterized by the formation of kidney stones?
Nephrolithiasis
ExplanationFormation of stones in the kidney
#3
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human body?
Filtering waste products from the blood
ExplanationKidneys filter metabolic waste from blood
#4
Which of the following is a symptom of nephritic syndrome?
Proteinuria
ExplanationPresence of proteins in the urine
#5
Which renal disorder is commonly associated with the deposition of IgA immune complexes?
IgA nephropathy
ExplanationDeposition of IgA immune complexes in the kidneys
#6
What is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide?
Diabetes mellitus
ExplanationDiabetes is a leading cause of CKD globally
#7
Which of the following is a common cause of acute tubular necrosis?
Prolonged hypotension
ExplanationExtended periods of low blood pressure
#8
What is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults?
Renal cell carcinoma
ExplanationMost prevalent kidney cancer in adults
#9
Which medication is commonly used to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
ExplanationACE inhibitors are used to slow diabetic kidney disease
#10
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with renal failure?
Hyperkalemia
ExplanationHigh potassium levels in blood due to kidney dysfunction
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome?
Hypoalbuminemia
ExplanationLow levels of albumin in the blood
#12
What is a characteristic finding in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Polyuria unresponsive to vasopressin
ExplanationExcessive urination despite vasopressin levels
#13
Which autoimmune disorder is commonly associated with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
ExplanationGranulomatosis commonly affects kidneys causing rapid glomerular damage
#14
What is the characteristic appearance of the urine in acute tubular necrosis?
Brown, muddy casts
ExplanationUrine appears brown with muddy casts in ATN
#15
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis?
Presence of dysmorphic red blood cells in urine
ExplanationDistinctive appearance of red blood cells in urine
#16
What is the hallmark histologic feature of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
ExplanationCharacteristic scarring pattern in glomeruli