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Psychological Phenomena and Behaviors Quiz

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What is the definition of cognitive dissonance?

The mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

Explanation

Discomfort from conflicting beliefs.

Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?

Dopamine

Explanation

Pleasure and reward neurotransmitter.

Who is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs, suggesting that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from basic physiological needs to higher-order psychological needs?

Abraham Maslow

Explanation

Hierarchy of human needs by Maslow.

Who is credited with developing classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs, which involved pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response?

Ivan Pavlov

Explanation

Classical conditioning by Pavlov with dogs.

Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior?

B.F. Skinner

Explanation

Operant conditioning by Skinner.

Which term refers to the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily similar instances can be retrieved from memory?

Availability heuristic

Explanation

Judging likelihood based on memory retrieval ease.

Who proposed the theory of psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping behavior and personality?

Sigmund Freud

Explanation

Psychoanalysis by Freud on unconscious conflicts.

Who is known for his experiment involving obedience to authority figures, where participants were instructed to administer increasingly severe electric shocks to another person?

Stanley Milgram

Explanation

Milgram's obedience experiment.

What is the Stanford prison experiment?

A study exploring the impact of social roles on behavior conducted by Philip Zimbardo.

Explanation

Study on social roles and behavior.

#10

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while attributing our own behavior to external factors?

Actor-observer bias

Explanation

Attribute others' behavior internally, ours externally.

#11

What is the term for the tendency to perceive a relationship between coincidental events, even when no such relationship exists?

Illusory correlation

Explanation

Perceive false relationships.

#12

Which psychological theory proposes that behavior is influenced by both the person and the environment, and that the interaction between the two shapes behavior?

Biopsychosocial theory

Explanation

Behavior influenced by person and environment.

#13

What is the term for the tendency to rely on pre-existing beliefs and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence?

Confirmation bias

Explanation

Rely on existing beliefs, ignore contrary evidence.

#14

Which term describes the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are readily available in memory?

Availability heuristic

Explanation

Overestimating likelihood based on memory availability.

#15

What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?

Self-serving bias

Explanation

Attribute successes internally, failures externally.

#16

Who conducted the famous 'Little Albert' experiment, which demonstrated that emotional responses could be conditioned through classical conditioning?

John Watson

Explanation

Little Albert experiment by Watson.

#17

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals conform to the majority opinion or behavior, even if it contradicts their own beliefs?

Conformity

Explanation

Conforming to majority opinion.

#18

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while ignoring situational factors?

Fundamental attribution error

Explanation

Attributing others' behavior internally, ignoring situation.

#19

Who is known for proposing the theory of social learning, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior?

Albert Bandura

Explanation

Social learning theory by Bandura.

#20

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals in a group lose their sense of self-awareness and personal responsibility?

Deindividuation

Explanation

Loss of self-awareness in group.

#21

Which term refers to the tendency to perceive oneself favorably by attributing positive traits and successes to internal factors and negative traits and failures to external factors?

Self-serving bias

Explanation

Perceiving oneself favorably.

#22

What is the term for the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a particular prototype or stereotype?

Representativeness heuristic

Explanation

Judging likelihood based on prototype or stereotype matching.

#23

Who developed the concept of the 'self-concept' and proposed that individuals strive for self-actualization, the realization of their full potential?

Carl Rogers

Explanation

Self-concept and self-actualization by Rogers.

#24

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to make more extreme decisions than they would individually?

Group polarization

Explanation

Extreme decisions in group setting.

#25

What is the name of the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively compared to when working alone?

Social loafing

Explanation

Less effort in group work.

Psychological Phenomena and Behaviors Quiz

What is the definition of cognitive dissonance?

Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?

Who is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs, suggesting that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from basic physiological needs to higher-order psychological needs?

Who is credited with developing classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs, which involved pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response?

Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior?

Which term refers to the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily similar instances can be retrieved from memory?

Who proposed the theory of psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping behavior and personality?

Who is known for his experiment involving obedience to authority figures, where participants were instructed to administer increasingly severe electric shocks to another person?

What is the Stanford prison experiment?

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while attributing our own behavior to external factors?

What is the term for the tendency to perceive a relationship between coincidental events, even when no such relationship exists?

Which psychological theory proposes that behavior is influenced by both the person and the environment, and that the interaction between the two shapes behavior?

What is the term for the tendency to rely on pre-existing beliefs and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence?

Which term describes the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are readily available in memory?

What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?

Who conducted the famous 'Little Albert' experiment, which demonstrated that emotional responses could be conditioned through classical conditioning?

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals conform to the majority opinion or behavior, even if it contradicts their own beliefs?

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while ignoring situational factors?

Who is known for proposing the theory of social learning, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior?

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals in a group lose their sense of self-awareness and personal responsibility?

Which term refers to the tendency to perceive oneself favorably by attributing positive traits and successes to internal factors and negative traits and failures to external factors?

What is the term for the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a particular prototype or stereotype?

Who developed the concept of the 'self-concept' and proposed that individuals strive for self-actualization, the realization of their full potential?

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to make more extreme decisions than they would individually?

What is the name of the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively compared to when working alone?

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