Psychological Learning Processes Quiz

Ivan Pavlov is associated with classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response.

Negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to strengthen a behavior.

B.F. Skinner is associated with the concept of operant conditioning, focusing on the consequences of behavior to modify future actions.

A primary reinforcer is a stimulus that satisfies a biological need, forming the basis for reinforcement.

Abraham Maslow proposed the concept of the hierarchy of needs, emphasizing human motivation and fulfillment of basic needs.

Shaping in operant conditioning is the process of rewarding closer approximations to gradually increase the complexity of a behavior.

Physical ability is not a necessary component for observational learning according to social learning theory.

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of extinguished behaviors after a rest period in both classical and operant conditioning.

The consequences of observed behavior for the model influence whether it will be imitated, as per Bandura's social learning theory.

Variable ratio schedule, in operant conditioning, results in the highest rate of response due to unpredictability in reinforcement delivery.

Extinction is the process of weakening and eventually eliminating a learned response when reinforcement is withheld.

Generalization is the tendency for conditioned responses to be elicited by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period in classical conditioning.

According to the Law of Effect, behaviors followed by reinforcement are strengthened, while those followed by punishment are weakened.

Discrimination in classical conditioning refers to the situation where a conditioned response is elicited only by the conditioned stimulus, not by similar stimuli.