#1
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationHierarchical model proposing human needs are arranged in a pyramid with basic needs at the bottom and higher-level needs at the top.
#2
Who proposed the concept of 'rational choice theory'?
Herbert Simon
ExplanationTheory proposing individuals make decisions by weighing costs and benefits to achieve the most favorable outcome.
#3
What is the term for the tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Anchoring bias
ExplanationCognitive bias where individuals overly rely on initial information when making judgments or decisions.
#4
What term describes the tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situational factors while attributing others' behavior to internal factors?
Actor-observer bias
ExplanationTendency to explain one's own behavior based on external factors but interpret others' behavior based on internal traits.
#5
What is the term for the cognitive bias where people tend to overestimate their ability to control events and underestimate external factors?
Illusion of control
ExplanationTendency to believe one has more control over events than is actually the case.
#6
Who proposed the theory of 'emotional intelligence' which emphasizes the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions effectively?
Daniel Goleman
ExplanationTheory highlighting the importance of emotional awareness, management, and interpersonal skills for success.
#7
Who introduced the concept of 'cognitive dissonance'?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationPsychological theory highlighting discomfort when individuals hold contradictory beliefs or attitudes.
#8
Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward and pleasure in the brain?
Dopamine
ExplanationNeurotransmitter linked to pleasure, reward, and reinforcement learning in the brain.
#9
Who is known for the theory of 'reciprocal determinism' which suggests that behavior is influenced by personal factors, environmental factors, and cognitive factors?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationPsychologist proposing bidirectional influence of personal, environmental, and cognitive factors on behavior.
#10
Which area of the brain is primarily associated with decision-making and impulse control?
Prefrontal cortex
ExplanationBrain region responsible for executive functions including decision-making, planning, and impulse control.
#11
Who conducted the famous 'Stanford Prison Experiment' investigating the effects of perceived power and authority?
Philip Zimbardo
ExplanationPsychologist studying the influence of social roles and situations on behavior, notably through the Stanford Prison Experiment.