#1
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
Bipolar disorder
ExplanationCharacterized by alternating periods of mania and depression.
#2
Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Decreased interest or pleasure in activities
ExplanationLoss of enjoyment in previously enjoyed activities.
#3
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with reward and pleasure?
Dopamine
ExplanationKey role in pleasure, reward, and motivation.
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations
ExplanationHearing voices or sounds that others do not.
#5
What is the primary characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Impulsivity and hyperactivity
ExplanationDifficulty maintaining attention with hyperactive behavior.
#6
Who developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationGroundbreaking work on the unconscious mind's influence on behavior.
#7
What is the primary characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Hypervigilance
ExplanationPersistent heightened state of awareness after trauma.
#8
What is the primary difference between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder?
Presence of panic attacks
ExplanationCharacterized by sudden, intense bouts of fear.
#9
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs in motivation theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationHuman motivation hierarchy from basic needs to self-actualization.
#10
What is the primary characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Sudden loss of memory and identity
ExplanationPresence of multiple distinct identities.
#11
Who developed the classical conditioning theory?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationStudy of involuntary responses to stimuli.
#12
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation?
Serotonin
ExplanationRegulates mood, appetite, and sleep.
#13
What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
Changing maladaptive thought patterns
ExplanationTargets negative thought patterns and behaviors.
#14
Which psychological perspective focuses on the role of unconscious processes in influencing behavior?
Psychodynamic perspective
ExplanationHighlights unconscious drives and conflicts.
#15
What is the primary characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
Impulsivity and disregard for others' rights
ExplanationLack of empathy, manipulativeness, and disregard for societal norms.
#16
In the context of psychological disorders, what does the term 'comorbidity' refer to?
The presence of multiple disorders in an individual
ExplanationCo-occurrence of two or more disorders in one individual.
#17
According to the diathesis-stress model, what role does 'diathesis' play in the development of psychological disorders?
Genetic vulnerability or predisposition
ExplanationInherited tendency toward developing a disorder.