#1
Which of the following is an example of an Eriksonian psychosocial stage?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationEarly stage focusing on developing a sense of trust in others.
#2
Who proposed the concept of the 'identity crisis'?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson introduced the idea of identity crisis in psychosocial development.
#3
Which psychologist proposed the concept of 'self-concept'?
Carl Rogers
ExplanationRogers introduced the idea of an individual's self-perception.
#4
According to Jean Piaget, at what age does the 'formal operational stage' of cognitive development typically occur?
11 years and older
ExplanationAbstract thinking and problem-solving develop around age 11.
#5
Who is known for their research on 'attachment theory' and its impact on psychological development?
John Bowlby
ExplanationBowlby explored the importance of early attachments in development.
#6
According to Erik Erikson, which stage typically occurs during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescents explore identity, seeking to define themselves.
#7
The concept of 'self-schema' in psychological development refers to:
Organized cognitive structures about the self
ExplanationMental frameworks shaping one's self-perception.
#8
Which theory emphasizes the role of society and culture in shaping identity?
Social identity theory
ExplanationIdentity influenced by social groups and cultural context.
#9
According to Freud, the part of the psyche that operates on the 'reality principle' is known as the:
Ego
ExplanationMediates between instincts and reality, balancing desires with consequences.
#10
The concept of 'identity foreclosure' refers to:
Committing to an identity without exploring alternatives
ExplanationPrematurely adopting an identity without considering options.
#11
According to James Marcia, which of the following describes an adolescent who has explored various identity alternatives but has not yet made a commitment?
Moratorium
ExplanationTemporary exploration without commitment in identity development.
#12
Which of the following is a primary criticism of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
It lacks empirical support for its stages
ExplanationCritiqued for insufficient scientific evidence supporting stage-based development.