#1
In psychology, what does 'operant conditioning' involve?
Learning through reinforcement or punishment of behaviors.
ExplanationLearning via rewards or punishments.
#2
What is the definition of 'confirmation bias'?
The tendency to seek out and interpret information that confirms one's existing beliefs.
ExplanationSeeking and interpreting confirming information.
#3
What does 'emotional intelligence' refer to?
The ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and to understand the emotions of others.
ExplanationUnderstanding and managing one's own emotions and others'.
#4
What is the 'fight-or-flight response'?
An automatic physiological reaction to a perceived threat, preparing the body to fight or flee.
ExplanationBody's response to perceived threats: fight or flight.
#5
What is 'classical conditioning'?
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
ExplanationAssociation of neutral with meaningful stimuli for eliciting responses.
#6
What is the concept of 'cognitive dissonance'?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
ExplanationDiscomfort due to conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
#7
What does the 'Stanford Prison Experiment' illustrate?
The influence of situational factors on behavior.
ExplanationDemonstrates the impact of situations on behavior.
#8
What is the concept of 'hindsight bias'?
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
ExplanationBelieving one could have predicted an outcome after learning it.
#9
What is the 'Yerkes-Dodson law' in psychology?
The principle that performance increases with arousal up to an optimal point, beyond which it decreases.
ExplanationPerformance improves with arousal to a point, then declines.
#10
What is the concept of 'in-group bias'?
The tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in other groups.
ExplanationPreferring one's own group over others.
#11
What is the 'fundamental attribution error'?
The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on behavior while underestimating situational factors.
ExplanationOverestimating internal, underestimating situational influences.
#12
What is the 'biopsychosocial model'?
A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in explaining health and illness.
ExplanationModel integrating biological, psychological, and social factors in health.