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Psychological Concepts and Perspectives Quiz

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#1

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and childhood experiences?

Psychoanalysis
Explanation

Focuses on unconscious mind and early life experiences.

#2

Carl Rogers is known for developing which therapeutic approach?

Client-Centered Therapy
Explanation

Focuses on client's subjective experiences.

#3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the body's response to stress and is known as the 'fight-or-flight' hormone?

Adrenaline
Explanation

Triggers body's response to danger.

#4

Which psychological perspective focuses on how people grow and change throughout the life span?

Developmental perspective
Explanation

Studies human growth and change.

#5

What does the 'Big Five' personality theory include?

Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness
Explanation

Fundamental dimensions of personality.

#6

What concept explains the bystander effect in social psychology?

Diffusion of responsibility
Explanation

Individuals feel less responsibility in a crowd.

#7

Which memory system has a virtually unlimited capacity and can hold information over lengthy periods of time?

Long-term memory
Explanation

Stores information for extended periods.

#8

What is the phenomenon where individuals perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others?

Social facilitation
Explanation

Improved performance in the presence of others.

#9

Which theory suggests that emotion results from physiological reactions?

James-Lange Theory
Explanation

Emotion arises from bodily responses.

#10

The concept of 'learned helplessness' was formulated by psychologists to describe the behavior of animals or humans that have learned to behave helplessly, failing to respond even though there are opportunities to avoid unpleasant circumstances or gain positive rewards. Who is most closely associated with this concept?

Martin Seligman
Explanation

Describes behavior learned from past experiences.

#11

In cognitive psychology, what is the term for the mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind?

Availability heuristic
Explanation

Estimating probability based on easy recall.

#12

What is the 'zone of proximal development'?

The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Explanation

Range of tasks a learner can perform.

#13

Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment identified by Ainsworth in the Strange Situation?

Disoriented attachment
Explanation

Attachment style not identified by Ainsworth.

#14

What does the term 'epigenetics' refer to in the context of psychological development?

The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself
Explanation

Study of gene expression changes.

#15

What is the primary focus of existential therapy?

Helping clients find meaning and purpose in life
Explanation

Aim to discover life's significance.

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