#1
Which of the following is a basic need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory?
Physiological
ExplanationMaslow's Physiological needs form the foundational level in his Hierarchy of Needs theory.
#2
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain?
Reinforcement theory
ExplanationReinforcement theory posits that behavior is motivated by the consequences, seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.
#3
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the importance of setting specific, challenging goals?
Goal-setting theory
ExplanationGoal-setting theory stresses the effectiveness of setting challenging and specific goals in motivating individuals.
#4
What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working collectively compared to individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing refers to the reduced individual effort in group tasks compared to individual tasks.
#5
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the importance of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence?
Expectancy theory
ExplanationExpectancy theory highlights the role of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence in motivation.
#6
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor theory, which factors are related to job satisfaction?
Both a and b
ExplanationHerzberg's Two-Factor theory associates job satisfaction with factors like achievement and recognition (a) and the work itself (b).
#7
What is the term used to describe the belief that one's efforts will lead to successful outcomes?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.
#8
What is the term used to describe the extent to which an employee feels personally responsible for their work outcomes?
Locus of control
ExplanationLocus of control refers to the perception of personal responsibility for one's outcomes.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a component of Herzberg's Two-Factor theory?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation is not a factor in Herzberg's Two-Factor theory; it focuses on hygiene and motivator factors.
#10
What is the term used to describe the extent to which an employee identifies with their job and is involved in it?
Job involvement
ExplanationJob involvement refers to an employee's identification and involvement in their job.
#11
According to the Equity Theory, what happens if an employee perceives inequity in their inputs and outcomes compared to others?
They will experience distress
ExplanationIn Equity Theory, perceived inequity leads to distress and motivation to restore balance.
#12
According to the Job Characteristics Model, which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics that lead to higher motivation?
Employee tenure
ExplanationEmployee tenure is not a core job characteristic in the Job Characteristics Model.
#13
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the perceived fairness of outcomes compared to inputs?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory asserts that motivation is influenced by the perceived fairness of outcomes relative to inputs.
#14
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the balance between their perceived efforts and rewards relative to others?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory posits motivation is influenced by the perceived balance of efforts and rewards compared to others.
#15
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the importance of self-determination and intrinsic motivation?
Self-determination theory
ExplanationSelf-determination theory underscores the significance of intrinsic motivation and self-determination in influencing behavior.