#1
Which psychologist is best known for developing the principles of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner is renowned for his work on operant conditioning principles.
#2
What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?
Voluntary behaviors
ExplanationOperant conditioning primarily deals with voluntary behaviors.
#3
Which term refers to increasing the likelihood of a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationNegative reinforcement boosts behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
#4
In operant conditioning, what does the term 'shaping' refer to?
Training a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
ExplanationShaping is training a behavior by rewarding successive approximations.
#5
What is the term for the process of decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by adding an aversive stimulus?
Punishment
ExplanationPunishment reduces behavior by adding aversive stimuli.
#6
Which reinforcement schedule is characterized by reinforcing a behavior after a set number of responses?
Fixed ratio
ExplanationFixed ratio reinforcement occurs after a set number of responses.
#7
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of no longer reinforcing a previously reinforced behavior?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction refers to the cessation of reinforcing a previously reinforced behavior.
#8
Which term refers to the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior when it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
#9
What is the primary difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus; negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus.
ExplanationPositive reinforcement adds desirable stimuli, negative reinforcement removes aversive stimuli.
#10
Which of the following schedules of reinforcement leads to the highest rate of response?
Variable ratio
ExplanationVariable ratio reinforcement leads to the highest response rate.
#11
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Being scolded for misbehaving
ExplanationBeing scolded for misbehavior exemplifies positive punishment.
#12
What is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
Money
ExplanationMoney is an example of a secondary reinforcer.
#13
What is an example of negative punishment?
Giving a child a timeout for misbehaving
ExplanationGiving a timeout to a child for misbehavior is an example of negative punishment.
#14
Which reinforcement schedule is characterized by reinforcing a behavior after an unpredictable number of responses?
Variable ratio
ExplanationVariable ratio reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable number of responses.
#15
In operant conditioning, what does the term 'chaining' refer to?
Breaking a behavior into smaller steps and reinforcing each step
ExplanationChaining is breaking a behavior into steps and reinforcing each step.
#16
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Getting a sticker for completing homework
ExplanationGetting a sticker for completing homework is an example of positive reinforcement.