#1
Which of the following is a key principle of experimental design?
Randomization
ExplanationEnsures equal distribution of confounding variables
#2
What does 'replication' refer to in experimental design?
Using the same experimental conditions multiple times
ExplanationEnhances reliability of results
#3
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationMinimizes bias and extraneous variables
#4
Which statistical test is commonly used to compare means of two or more groups in experimental studies?
ANOVA
ExplanationAnalyzes variance between groups
#5
What is a 'crossover design' in experimental research?
An experimental design involving multiple treatments given in a random order
ExplanationReduces carryover effects
#6
What is 'power' in the context of experimental design?
The probability of detecting an effect when it truly exists
ExplanationDetermines study's ability to detect effects
#7
In a factorial experiment with two factors, each with two levels, how many treatment combinations are there?
4
ExplanationCrosses each level of one factor with each level of another
#8
What is the purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To test the feasibility of the main study
ExplanationIdentifies logistical and methodological issues
#9
What is 'allocation concealment' in experimental research?
The process of preventing researchers from influencing which treatment a subject receives
ExplanationReduces selection bias