#1
What is the difference between endemic and epidemic?
Endemic refers to the usual presence of a disease in a population, whereas epidemic refers to the sudden increase in cases of a disease in a specific population or region
ExplanationEndemic: usual presence; Epidemic: sudden spike
#2
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
Malaria
ExplanationTransmitted by vectors like mosquitoes
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of a pandemic?
A disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents
ExplanationGlobal spread of disease
#4
Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?
Rabies
ExplanationTransmitted from animals to humans
#5
What is the basic reproduction number (R0) in epidemiology?
The number of new infections generated by each case in a susceptible population
ExplanationMeasures infection spread potential
#6
Which of the following is NOT a primary prevention method in epidemiology?
Antibiotic treatment
ExplanationFocuses on treating rather than preventing
#7
What is the incubation period of a disease?
The period between exposure to a disease-causing agent and the onset of symptoms
ExplanationTime from exposure to symptom onset
#8
What is the role of herd immunity in disease control?
To protect individuals who are not immune to a disease by reducing the overall number of susceptible individuals in a population
ExplanationProtects non-immune by reducing susceptible
#9
Which of the following is a measure of association used in epidemiology to assess the strength of the relationship between a risk factor and a disease?
Odds ratio
ExplanationAssesses strength of risk-disease relationship
#10
Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases?
Climate change
ExplanationAlters disease vectors and transmission
#11
What is the basic principle behind the chain of infection model?
It describes the process of how diseases spread within a population
ExplanationIllustrates disease transmission within a population
#12
What is the significance of the basic reproduction number (R0) in epidemiology?
It represents the average number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection
ExplanationIndicator of disease spread potential