#1
Which of the following is NOT a primary data collection method in behavioral studies?
Literature review
ExplanationIt involves reviewing existing literature rather than collecting new data.
#2
What does 'descriptive statistics' primarily aim to achieve in data analysis?
To summarize and describe the main features of a dataset
ExplanationIt provides an overview of key characteristics within a dataset.
#3
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Median
ExplanationIt represents the middle value of a dataset, less affected by extreme values.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative data collection method?
Surveys
ExplanationSurveys typically collect quantitative data, not qualitative.
#5
What is the term for the process of systematically selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population?
Sampling
ExplanationIt ensures that the subset represents the larger population accurately.
#6
What is the term for a statistical measure of the spread of values in a dataset?
Variance
ExplanationIt quantifies how much the data points in a dataset differ from the mean.
#7
In research design, what does 'random sampling' refer to?
Selecting subjects from a specific population without any particular pattern
ExplanationSubjects are chosen without bias, enhancing the representativeness of the sample.
#8
What is the term for the process of ensuring that a study yields consistent results when repeated?
Reliability
ExplanationIt reflects the stability and consistency of results across repeated trials.
#9
Which of the following sampling techniques involves dividing the population into distinct groups and then selecting a proportionate number of individuals from each group?
Stratified sampling
ExplanationIt ensures representation from all subgroups in the population.
#10
What statistical test is commonly used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables?
Chi-square test
ExplanationIt evaluates the independence or dependence between categorical variables.
#11
In behavioral studies, what does 'ethnography' primarily involve?
Studying cultures and societies through participant observation
ExplanationIt emphasizes immersion in the culture or society being studied.
#12
What does 'internal validity' refer to in experimental design?
The extent to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable
ExplanationIt ensures that observed effects are due to the experimental intervention.
#13
What does 'inter-rater reliability' refer to?
The degree of agreement between different observers or raters
ExplanationIt measures consistency among multiple observers or raters.
#14
What does 'external validity' refer to in research?
The extent to which research findings can be generalized to other settings
ExplanationIt assesses the applicability of research findings beyond the study context.