#1
Which of the following is a necessary element for establishing criminal liability?
Intent
ExplanationIntent is crucial for proving culpability in criminal cases.
#2
Which legal theory emphasizes that punishment should fit the crime?
Retributivism
ExplanationRetributivism focuses on proportionate punishment based on the severity of the offense.
#3
In criminal law, what is the term for a minor offense that is less serious than a felony?
Misdemeanor
ExplanationA misdemeanor is a lesser offense than a felony and typically incurs lighter penalties.
#4
Which term refers to the act of unlawfully killing another person without malice aforethought?
Manslaughter
ExplanationManslaughter is the unlawful killing of another person without premeditation or malice.
#5
What is the legal term for the authority of a court to hear a case?
Jurisdiction
ExplanationJurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear and decide a case.
#6
What does 'actus reus' refer to in criminal law?
Criminal act
ExplanationActus reus pertains to the physical act or conduct constituting a crime.
#7
Which legal principle states that a person cannot be punished for something that was not a crime when they did it?
Ex post facto
ExplanationEx post facto prohibits retroactive application of criminal laws.
#8
Which legal doctrine states that a person cannot be tried or punished twice for the same offense?
Double jeopardy
ExplanationDouble jeopardy protects against being tried or punished twice for the same crime.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a defense to criminal liability?
Solicitation
ExplanationSolicitation is not typically considered a defense but rather an offense itself.
#10
In criminal law, what does 'mens rea' refer to?
The guilty mind
ExplanationMens rea refers to the mental state or intent behind the criminal act.
#11
According to the Model Penal Code, which of the following is NOT a mental state required for criminal liability?
Negligently
ExplanationNegligently is not considered a culpable mental state under the Model Penal Code.
#12
What does the 'corpus delicti' refer to in criminal law?
The criminal act itself
ExplanationCorpus delicti pertains to the actual commission of the crime.
#13
Which legal principle requires the government to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt?
Presumption of innocence
ExplanationThe presumption of innocence mandates that the prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
#14
Which legal principle states that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court?
Fruit of the poisonous tree
ExplanationThe fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine excludes evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence.
#15
Which legal principle allows a defendant to be tried again for the same offense if new evidence comes to light after the original trial?
Collateral estoppel
ExplanationCollateral estoppel allows retrial if new evidence arises after an initial trial.