#1
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
Salivating at the sound of a bell
ExplanationAssociation of a neutral stimulus with an automatic response.
#2
What is the primary focus of behaviorism in the context of learning?
Observable behaviors
ExplanationStudying observable actions and reactions.
#3
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, in which stage do children begin to use language and represent objects through images and symbols?
Preoperational stage
ExplanationStage marked by symbolic thinking and egocentrism.
#4
In the context of educational psychology, what does the term 'metacognition' refer to?
The ability to think about and regulate one's own thinking
ExplanationThinking about one's own thought processes.
#5
What is the term for the phenomenon where a previously learned response diminishes over time in the absence of reinforcement?
Extinction
ExplanationDisappearance of a learned behavior.
#6
Who is known for the development of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationFather of operant conditioning, studying behavior consequences.
#7
What is the concept of 'schema' in cognitive psychology?
An organized mental framework
ExplanationOrganized mental structures used to interpret information.
#8
Who proposed the Social Learning Theory, emphasizing the role of observational learning and modeling?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationEmphasized importance of observational learning.
#9
In the context of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UCR)?
The automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationInvoluntary reaction to an unlearned stimulus.
#10
What is the primary idea behind the concept of 'scaffolding' in Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
Providing support and guidance to help a learner advance to a higher level of understanding
ExplanationAdjusting support to fit the learner's cognitive level.
#11
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationIncreasing behavior by removing something unpleasant.
#12
In the context of learning theories, what does the acronym 'SRL' stand for?
Self-Regulated Learning
ExplanationProcess of controlling one's own learning strategies and goals.
#13
According to the Information Processing Model, which stage involves the transformation of sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
ExplanationProcess of converting sensory information into a form usable in memory.
#14
What is the primary concept behind the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in Vygotsky's theory?
The difference between actual development and potential development
ExplanationRange of tasks a learner can perform with guidance.
#15
In the context of memory, which type of rehearsal involves a shallow processing of information and leads to only temporary retention?
Maintenance rehearsal
ExplanationRepeating information without deeper understanding.
#16
What is the concept of 'cognitive dissonance' in the context of learning and behavior?
The discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationTension from conflicting thoughts or beliefs.
#17
According to the two-process theory of avoidance learning, what are the two main processes involved?
Escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning
ExplanationLearning to escape or avoid negative stimuli.