#1
Who is known as the father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov pioneered the theory of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
#2
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The stimulus that naturally triggers a response
ExplanationThe UCS prompts an automatic response without prior learning.
#3
What is the conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus (CS)
ExplanationCR is the acquired reaction to a previously neutral stimulus, now the CS.
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
The previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
ExplanationCS initially lacks significance but gains it through association with the UCS.
#5
What is the role of the neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?
To become the conditioned stimulus (CS)
ExplanationNeutral stimuli acquire significance and become CS through conditioning.
#6
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A dog learns to salivate at the sound of a bell
ExplanationThe bell, initially neutral, becomes associated with food, triggering a response in the dog.
#7
What is the process of extinction in classical conditioning?
The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
ExplanationExtinction occurs when the learned response diminishes due to lack of reinforcement.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a conditioned emotional response?
A child learns to fear spiders after being bitten by one
ExplanationEmotional reactions, like fear, can be conditioned through experience.
#9
What is stimulus generalization in classical conditioning?
The tendency for a conditioned response to be elicited in response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus (CS)
ExplanationSimilar stimuli to the CS can evoke a similar response due to conditioning.
#10
Which of the following is an example of a conditioned taste aversion?
A person becomes nauseous at the smell of a certain food after getting sick from eating it
ExplanationAn association between food and illness leads to aversion towards the food.
#11
What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
The sudden reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction
ExplanationFollowing extinction, the CR may temporarily return in response to the CS.
#12
What is higher-order conditioning in classical conditioning?
The conditioning of a new conditioned stimulus (CS) by pairing it with a previously established conditioned stimulus (CS)
ExplanationA new stimulus becomes a CS through association with an existing CS.
#13
What is the Law of Effect in classical conditioning?
Responses that produce a satisfying effect are more likely to be repeated
ExplanationBehavior leading to positive outcomes tends to be repeated.
#14
What is stimulus generalization gradient in classical conditioning?
The spread of a conditioned response to stimuli that are similar, but not identical, to the conditioned stimulus (CS)
ExplanationResponses to similar stimuli vary based on their resemblance to the CS.
#15
What is latent inhibition in classical conditioning?
The tendency for a familiar stimulus to be less effective in acquiring new associations than a novel stimulus
ExplanationPreviously encountered stimuli may hinder the formation of new associations compared to novel stimuli.