#1
What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?
Changing behavior through consequences
ExplanationOperant conditioning focuses on modifying behavior by using consequences.
#2
Which operant conditioning schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed time interval has passed?
Fixed-interval schedule
ExplanationFixed-interval schedule reinforces behavior after a fixed time period.
#3
Who coined the term 'operant conditioning'?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner is credited with coining the term 'operant conditioning.'
#4
Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?
Variable-ratio schedule
ExplanationVariable-ratio schedule is the most resistant to extinction.
#5
What is the primary difference between positive punishment and negative punishment?
Adding an unpleasant stimulus vs. removing a pleasant stimulus
ExplanationPositive punishment adds an unpleasant stimulus, while negative punishment removes a pleasant stimulus.
#6
Who is the psychologist associated with the development of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner is the psychologist linked to the development of operant conditioning.
#7
What is a positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?
Adding something to increase a behavior
ExplanationPositive reinforcement involves adding a stimulus to strengthen a behavior.
#8
What is the concept of shaping in operant conditioning?
Gradually molding and reinforcing closer approximations to a desired behavior
ExplanationShaping involves reinforcing steps leading to the desired behavior.
#9
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationNegative reinforcement strengthens behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
#10
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of learning to respond differently to two similar stimuli?
Discrimination
ExplanationDiscrimination is the ability to differentiate between similar stimuli.
#11
What is the key principle behind operant conditioning?
Changing behavior through reinforcement or punishment
ExplanationOperant conditioning aims to modify behavior using reinforcement or punishment.
#12
Which term is used to describe the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior in operant conditioning?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the process of a learned behavior fading away over time.
#13
In operant conditioning, what is a variable-ratio schedule?
Reinforcement occurs after a variable number of responses
ExplanationA variable-ratio schedule provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses.
#14
What is a disadvantage of using punishment in operant conditioning?
It may lead to the suppression of behavior without addressing the underlying issue
ExplanationPunishment may suppress behavior but may not address the root cause.
#15
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of responding to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationGeneralization is responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned one.
#16
Which type of reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the addition of something unpleasant?
Punishment
ExplanationPunishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus after a behavior.
#17
What is a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?
Reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses
ExplanationFixed-ratio schedule provides reinforcement after a set number of responses.