#1
Which of the following is an example of peripheral route persuasion?
Being influenced by the attractiveness of a celebrity endorsing a product
ExplanationPeripheral route persuasion relies on superficial cues like attractiveness of endorsers rather than the content of the message.
#2
In the context of persuasion, what is the term for the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias refers to the tendency to seek out and favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses while ignoring contradictory evidence.
#3
Which type of appeal in persuasion involves using fear or anxiety to motivate behavior change?
Fear appeal
ExplanationFear appeal is a persuasive technique that utilizes fear or anxiety to motivate individuals to change their behavior or attitudes.
#4
Which persuasion technique involves persuading someone to agree to a small request first, making it more likely they will agree to a larger request later?
Foot-in-the-door
ExplanationThe foot-in-the-door technique involves starting with a small request, which, once agreed upon, makes it more likely for the individual to agree to a larger request later.
#5
What term describes the situation where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present?
Bystander effect
ExplanationThe bystander effect is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present, assuming someone else will intervene.
#6
What term refers to the phenomenon where people are more likely to comply with a request from someone they like or find attractive?
Likability
ExplanationLikability refers to the tendency for individuals to comply with requests from those they find attractive or likable.
#7
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to reduce the discomfort they feel when their thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors are inconsistent with one another?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory posits that individuals seek consistency between their beliefs and actions to reduce discomfort.
#8
According to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), which route to persuasion involves careful consideration of message content and arguments?
Central route
ExplanationCentral route persuasion involves deep processing of message content and arguments rather than peripheral cues.
#9
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a person's attitudes or behaviors are influenced by others' direct commands or requests?
Compliance
ExplanationCompliance refers to the tendency to conform to direct requests or commands from others.
#10
According to the inoculation theory, how can individuals be protected against persuasive attempts?
By pre-exposing them to weakened versions of persuasive messages
ExplanationInoculation theory suggests that exposing individuals to weakened versions of persuasive messages can build resistance against stronger attempts.
#11
Which cognitive bias involves overestimating the likelihood of one's own success or abilities, often to the detriment of making sound decisions?
Illusory superiority
ExplanationIllusory superiority, also known as the 'above-average effect,' is the tendency for individuals to overestimate their abilities or qualities compared to others.
#12
Which factor is NOT a component of the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion?
Audience mood
ExplanationAudience mood is not a component of the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion, which focuses on the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.
#13
What technique involves making an initial unreasonable request followed by a more reasonable request?
Door-in-the-face
ExplanationThe door-in-the-face technique involves making a large request that is likely to be refused, followed by a smaller, more reasonable request, which is more likely to be accepted.
#14
Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of persuasion through the central route according to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM)?
High need for cognition
ExplanationIndividuals with a high need for cognition are more likely to engage in central route processing, leading to greater persuasion through substantive arguments.
#15
What is the term for the process of gradually escalating commitments to a course of action to justify one's earlier decisions?
Sunk cost fallacy
ExplanationSunk cost fallacy occurs when individuals continue investing in a decision based on past investments rather than the potential for future return.
#16
Which theory of persuasion emphasizes the importance of both message content and factors related to the audience in determining the effectiveness of persuasion attempts?
Yale attitude change approach
ExplanationThe Yale attitude change approach emphasizes the interaction between message content and audience factors in persuasion.
#17
In persuasion, what is the term for the process of providing people with an alternative explanation for their behavior to reduce dissonance?
Rationalization
ExplanationRationalization in persuasion involves providing individuals with alternative explanations for their behavior to reduce cognitive dissonance.
#18
Which theory posits that people are more likely to be persuaded by messages that are consistent with their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs?
Selective exposure theory
ExplanationSelective exposure theory suggests that individuals are more likely to be persuaded by messages that align with their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs.
#19
Which factor increases the likelihood of persuasion through the peripheral route according to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM)?
Expertise of the source
ExplanationThe expertise of the source increases the likelihood of persuasion through the peripheral route, as individuals may rely on source credibility rather than message content.