#1
Who proposed the psychoanalytic theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationFounder of psychoanalysis, emphasized unconscious motives.
#2
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Authoritarianism
ExplanationNot a recognized personality trait; Big Five includes openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
#3
According to the humanistic perspective, what is the primary motive driving human behavior?
Self-actualization and fulfillment
ExplanationHumans inherently seek to fulfill their potential and achieve self-actualization.
#4
Who proposed the concept of the 'collective unconscious'?
Carl Jung
ExplanationBelieved in shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from human evolution.
#5
What does the id represent in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
The unconscious, instinctual drives seeking immediate gratification
ExplanationOperates on pleasure principle, seeks gratification without concern for consequences.
#6
According to the trait perspective, what are the fundamental dimensions of personality?
Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness
ExplanationTrait theory identifies these as core personality dimensions.
#7
What is the central idea behind humanistic perspectives in personality psychology?
The importance of self-actualization and personal growth
ExplanationFocuses on individual's striving for personal growth and fulfillment.
#8
According to the psychodynamic perspective, what constitutes the ego?
The moral compass that mediates between the id and superego
ExplanationBalances impulses (id) with societal norms (superego).
#9
Which of the following is a criticism of trait theories in personality psychology?
They oversimplify the complexity of personality
ExplanationTrait theories may overlook individual uniqueness and situational influences.
#10
What is the main focus of social cognitive theories of personality?
The interplay between individual, environment, and behavior
ExplanationEmphasizes reciprocal interactions between individual and environment.
#11
Which of the following is a key aspect of the psychodynamic perspective?
Unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences
ExplanationEmphasizes impact of unconscious drives and early experiences on personality.
#12
Who developed the concept of the 'self' as a central aspect of personality?
Carl Rogers
ExplanationEmphasized self-concept and unconditional positive regard.
#13
Which theorist proposed the concept of self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationStressed the belief in one's capability to perform specific tasks.
#14
Who is associated with the concept of the 'self-schema'?
George Kelly
ExplanationProposed cognitive structures guide processing of self-relevant information.