#1
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Confidence
ExplanationConfidence is not considered one of the Big Five personality traits.
#2
What is the term for a stable and enduring tendency to behave in a particular way?
Trait
ExplanationTrait refers to a stable and enduring tendency to behave in a particular way.
#3
Which of the following is a criticism of trait theory in psychology?
It overemphasizes the role of situational factors.
ExplanationTrait theory overemphasizes situational factors in personality.
#4
Which theorist is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs, including physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs.
#5
Which of the following personality theories emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping personality?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationPsychoanalytic theory emphasizes unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping personality.
#6
According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?
Id
ExplanationThe Id operates on the pleasure principle according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory.
#7
Which theory of personality emphasizes the importance of self-actualization and the innate drive towards growth?
Humanistic theory
ExplanationHumanistic theory emphasizes self-actualization and the innate drive towards growth.
#8
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is primarily used for:
Diagnosing mental disorders
ExplanationThe MMPI is primarily used for diagnosing mental disorders.
#9
Which psychologist developed the theory of psychosocial development, emphasizing the importance of social relationships and experiences across the lifespan?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson developed the theory of psychosocial development.
#10
Which of the following is NOT one of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud?
Rationalization
ExplanationRationalization is not one of Freud's defense mechanisms.
#11
Which concept in psychology refers to the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
False consensus effect
ExplanationFalse consensus effect refers to the tendency to overestimate others' similarity to ourselves.
#12
Which of the following personality assessments is based on the idea that people respond to ambiguous stimuli based on unconscious desires and conflicts?
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
ExplanationTAT is based on the idea of interpreting ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious desires.
#13
Which of the following terms describes the phenomenon where people tend to seek information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias refers to seeking information that confirms pre-existing beliefs.
#14
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of reinforcement in operant conditioning?
Punishment
ExplanationPunishment is not a type of reinforcement in operant conditioning.
#15
Which of the following is a criticism often directed at trait theories of personality?
They fail to explain the origins of personality traits.
ExplanationTrait theories often fail to explain the origins of personality traits.