#1
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Narcissism
ExplanationNarcissism is not one of the Big Five personality traits, which include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
#2
Which psychologist is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow is known for proposing the hierarchy of needs, a theory in psychology that categorizes human needs in a pyramid structure.
#3
What term is used to describe the phenomenon where people adjust their behavior or thinking to align with a group's norms or expectations?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the term used to describe the phenomenon where individuals adjust their behavior or thinking to align with a group's norms or expectations.
#4
Which of the following is NOT one of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Stagnation vs. Integrity
ExplanationStagnation vs. Integrity is not one of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which include stages such as Trust vs. Mistrust and Industry vs. Inferiority.
#5
Which personality trait is characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability?
Neuroticism
ExplanationNeuroticism is the personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions, including anxiety, depression, and irritability.
#6
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to when working alone?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing is the term used to describe the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to when working alone.
#7
According to Freudian theory, which part of the mind operates on the 'pleasure principle'?
Id
ExplanationThe Id, according to Freudian theory, operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and impulses.
#8
What is the term used to describe the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is the term used to describe the psychological tendency to attribute one's thoughts and feelings to others.
#9
Which psychologist is known for proposing the concept of 'self-actualization'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow is known for proposing the concept of 'self-actualization,' the realization of one's full potential.
#10
What term is used to describe the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the influence of external factors when evaluating the behavior of others?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationFundamental attribution error is the term used to describe the tendency to overemphasize internal factors and underestimate external factors when explaining others' behavior.
#11
According to social cognitive theory, what term describes the process of learning by observing others and modeling their behavior?
Social learning
ExplanationSocial learning, according to social cognitive theory, refers to the process of learning by observing others and modeling their behavior.
#12
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'locus of control'?
Julian Rotter
ExplanationJulian Rotter proposed the concept of 'locus of control,' which refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.
#13
In the context of personality psychology, what does the 'Barnum effect' refer to?
The tendency for people to believe vague and general personality descriptions apply specifically to them
ExplanationThe Barnum effect refers to the tendency for individuals to believe that vague and general personality descriptions apply specifically to them.
#14
Which psychologist is known for proposing the 'cognitive-affective personality system'?
Walter Mischel
ExplanationWalter Mischel is known for proposing the 'cognitive-affective personality system,' which emphasizes the role of cognitive and affective processes in shaping personality.
#15
Which psychologist proposed the 'self-perception theory'?
Daryl Bem
ExplanationDaryl Bem proposed the 'self-perception theory,' which suggests that individuals infer their own attitudes and emotions by observing their own behavior.