#1
In cognitive psychology, what does the term 'schema' refer to?
A mental framework for organizing and interpreting information
A type of memory storage in the brain
A neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory
A technique for improving memory retention
#2
Which Gestalt principle suggests that humans tend to perceive incomplete shapes as complete?
Closure
Proximity
Continuity
Similarity
#3
What is the term for the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal characteristics, while ignoring situational factors?
Confirmation bias
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Cognitive dissonance
#4
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
#5
What is the term for the process of converting sensory input into a form that the brain can understand and use?
Transduction
Perception
Sensation
Cognition
#6
Which brain structure plays a key role in the formation of new memories?
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Amygdala
#7
Which area of the brain is primarily associated with emotional processing and regulation?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
#8
Which of the following is an example of bottom-up processing?
Recognizing a familiar face
Using prior knowledge to understand a sentence
Assembling a jigsaw puzzle
Hearing a loud noise and turning your head to locate its source
#9
Who developed the theory of constructive perception?
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
Jerome Bruner
#10
The concept of 'change blindness' refers to:
The inability to recognize familiar faces
The tendency to overlook changes in visual scenes
A phenomenon in auditory processing
A type of memory distortion
#11
What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to remember the first items in a list better than those in the middle?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect
#12
Which area of the brain is primarily associated with language processing?
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
#13
What is the term for the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Recall
#14
Which of the following is an example of top-down processing?
Detecting the edges of objects in a visual scene
Listening to individual phonemes to understand speech
Using contextual cues to interpret ambiguous stimuli
Feeling pain in response to tissue damage