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Perception and Cognitive Processes in Social Context Quiz

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#1

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?

Confirmation bias
Explanation

Tendency to favor information confirming existing beliefs.

#2

Which term refers to the tendency for people to believe that the world is fair and that people get what they deserve?

Just-world hypothesis
Explanation

Belief in fairness, people get what they deserve.

#3

Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors while attributing failures to external factors?

Self-serving bias
Explanation

Taking credit for success, attributing failure externally.

#4

What does the term 'ingroup bias' refer to?

The tendency to favor members of ingroups over outgroups
Explanation

Preference for and favoritism toward ingroup members.

#5

Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's own positive actions to internal factors and negative actions to external factors?

Self-serving bias
Explanation

Attributing positive actions internally, negative actions externally.

#6

Which theory suggests that individuals seek to explain the causes of their own and others' behavior?

Attribution theory
Explanation

Examines how people attribute motives to actions, explaining behavior.

#7

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while attributing one's behavior to external factors?

Actor-observer bias
Explanation

Attribute others' actions internally, own actions externally.

#8

According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion involves careful consideration of message content and logic?

Central route
Explanation

Persuasion through thoughtful consideration of arguments.

#9

What phenomenon occurs when individuals in a group tend to exert less effort when working collectively compared to when they work individually?

Social loafing
Explanation

Reduced effort in group tasks compared to individual tasks.

#10

What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?

False consensus effect
Explanation

Believing others share our opinions more than they do.

#11

In social psychology, what does the term 'priming' refer to?

The activation of particular associations in memory
Explanation

Activation of specific memory associations.

#12

Which concept suggests that individuals are more likely to comply with a request if it is preceded by a smaller request?

Foot-in-the-door technique
Explanation

Agreeing to small request increases likelihood of agreeing to larger one.

#13

Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?

Anchoring bias
Explanation

Over-reliance on initial information when making decisions.

#14

What does the Asch conformity experiment demonstrate?

The power of social norms on conformity
Explanation

Influence of social norms on individual behavior.

#15

Which term describes the tendency to focus on information that supports our preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence?

Confirmation bias
Explanation

Selective attention to information confirming existing beliefs.

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