#1
Which of the following best describes peer influence?
It refers to the impact that individuals of similar age or status have on each other.
ExplanationPeer influence is the impact individuals of similar age or status have on each other.
#2
In the context of decision-making, what is social proof?
It is the tendency to conform to the actions or opinions of others.
ExplanationSocial proof is the tendency to conform to the actions or opinions of others in decision-making.
#3
Which of the following is an example of peer pressure?
A teenager trying drugs because their friends are doing it.
ExplanationPeer pressure example: A teenager trying drugs due to friends' influence.
#4
What psychological phenomenon explains why people may conform to a group's decision even if they privately disagree?
Cognitive Dissonance
ExplanationCognitive Dissonance explains conforming to a group's decision despite private disagreement.
#5
What term describes the tendency for group members to withhold contrary opinions when making decisions?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink describes the tendency to withhold contrary opinions in group decision-making.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a potential positive outcome of peer influence?
Increased risk-taking behavior
ExplanationNOT a potential positive outcome: Increased risk-taking behavior from peer influence.
#7
Which theory suggests that people conform to the actions of others because they believe those others possess superior knowledge about the situation?
Informational Social Influence
ExplanationInformational Social Influence suggests people conform due to belief in others' superior knowledge.
#8
What is the term used to describe the tendency to conform to a group's norms in order to fit in and avoid rejection?
Normative Social Influence
ExplanationNormative Social Influence is the tendency to conform to fit in and avoid rejection by adhering to group norms.
#9
Which factor is NOT typically associated with increased susceptibility to peer influence?
Strong parental guidance
ExplanationIncreased susceptibility to peer influence is NOT typically associated with strong parental guidance.
#10
What concept suggests that individuals in a group tend to make more extreme decisions than they would individually?
Group Polarization
ExplanationGroup Polarization suggests individuals in a group make more extreme decisions than individually.
#11
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals in a group are less likely to provide assistance to a person in need due to diffusion of responsibility?
Bystander Effect
ExplanationBystander Effect: Individuals in a group are less likely to assist due to diffusion of responsibility.
#12
Which of the following factors can mitigate the negative effects of peer pressure?
Strong personal values
ExplanationMitigate negative effects of peer pressure with: Strong personal values.
#13
In decision-making, what is the term for the irrational escalation of commitment to a course of action?
Sunk Cost Fallacy
ExplanationThe Sunk Cost Fallacy is the irrational escalation of commitment to a course of action in decision-making.
#14
Which theory of decision-making proposes that individuals make choices by weighing the potential costs and benefits of each option?
Rational Choice Theory
ExplanationRational Choice Theory proposes individuals make choices by weighing potential costs and benefits of each option.
#15
According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, what determines whether individuals will process persuasive messages deeply or superficially?
The level of personal relevance
ExplanationElaboration Likelihood Model: Processing depends on the personal relevance of persuasive messages.
#16
According to the reactance theory, what might happen when individuals feel their freedom of choice is threatened?
They rebel against the perceived threat
ExplanationReactance Theory: Individuals may rebel when feeling their freedom of choice is threatened.
#17
According to the social identity theory, what influences an individual's self-concept and behavior?
Group membership
ExplanationSocial Identity Theory: Group membership influences an individual's self-concept and behavior.