#1
Which type of observational research is best suited for studying behavior in its natural setting without interference?
Covert observation
ExplanationCovert observation allows researchers to observe behavior without participants' awareness, minimizing interference.
#2
What is the purpose of coding in observational research?
To assign numerical values to behaviors
ExplanationCoding involves assigning numerical values to behaviors for systematic analysis and interpretation in observational research.
#3
Which type of observational research is most likely to lead to high ecological validity?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationNaturalistic observation, by capturing behaviors in real-life settings, tends to have high ecological validity, reflecting real-world conditions.
#4
Which type of observational research involves studying a phenomenon as it occurs naturally without intervention or manipulation?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationNaturalistic observation entails observing phenomena in their natural context without external intervention or manipulation.
#5
Which of the following is a key characteristic of observational research?
In-depth understanding of participants' thoughts
ExplanationObservational research aims for deep insight into participants' mental processes.
#6
What is the primary advantage of participant observation in research?
Rich and detailed data
ExplanationParticipant observation provides comprehensive and detailed information due to direct involvement.
#7
Which of the following is a potential limitation of naturalistic observation in research?
Limited generalizability
ExplanationNaturalistic observation's findings may not apply universally due to specific contexts, limiting generalizability.
#8
What is the primary purpose of structured observation in research?
To control variables
ExplanationStructured observation aims to control variables to isolate specific factors affecting behavior.
#9
In what situation would non-participant overt observation be most appropriate?
When studying group dynamics
ExplanationNon-participant overt observation is suitable for studying group dynamics as the researcher remains external to the group.
#10
In covert observational research, researchers...
Do not disclose their identity and purpose
ExplanationCovert research involves concealing the researcher's identity and objectives to avoid affecting participant behavior.
#11
What is the term for a phenomenon where participants modify their behavior due to awareness of being observed?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect refers to changes in behavior when participants know they are being observed, affecting the study's validity.
#12
Which type of observation involves studying behavior without the knowledge of the participants?
Covert observation
ExplanationCovert observation entails observing behavior without participants' awareness, ensuring natural responses.
#13
Which of the following is a disadvantage of unstructured observation in research?
Difficulty in replicating the study
ExplanationUnstructured observation lacks standardized procedures, making replication challenging and compromising study reliability.
#14
In a field experiment, researchers...
Study behavior in its natural setting with manipulation
ExplanationField experiments involve manipulating variables in natural settings, allowing for real-world application while controlling factors.