#1
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Frequent urination
ExplanationResult of elevated blood glucose levels leading to increased urine production.
#2
Which type of diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance or relative insulin deficiency?
Type 2 diabetes
ExplanationCharacterized by cells resisting the effects of insulin or inadequate insulin production.
#3
What is the primary goal of diabetes management?
To achieve glycemic control and prevent complications
ExplanationMain aim is to maintain stable blood glucose levels to minimize health risks.
#4
Which of the following is a rapid-acting insulin analog?
Insulin lispro
ExplanationFormulation designed for quicker onset and shorter duration compared to regular insulin.
#5
What is the term for a sudden, severe complication of diabetes characterized by high blood sugar, dehydration, and ketones in urine?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
ExplanationLife-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention.
#6
What is the recommended HbA1c level for most adults with diabetes according to ADA guidelines?
Between 6.5% to 7%
ExplanationTarget range to reduce risk of long-term complications while avoiding hypoglycemia.
#7
Which of the following is not a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?
Arthritis
ExplanationWhile diabetes can exacerbate arthritis symptoms, it is not a direct complication.
#8
What is the main dietary recommendation for individuals with diabetes mellitus?
Balanced carbohydrate intake
ExplanationFocus on managing carbohydrate intake to control blood sugar levels.
#9
Which medication is commonly used to treat diabetic neuropathy?
Gabapentin
ExplanationEffective in managing nerve pain often associated with diabetic neuropathy.
#10
What is the function of glucagon in the body?
To increase blood sugar levels
ExplanationActs opposite to insulin, stimulating the liver to release glucose.
#11
Which insulin injection site is known for its faster absorption rate?
Abdomen
ExplanationDue to higher blood flow, insulin injected in the abdomen absorbs more quickly.
#12
Which of the following is a potential complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Hyperkalemia
ExplanationResult of potassium shifting out of cells as acidosis progresses.
#13
What is the main mechanism of action of metformin in treating type 2 diabetes?
Reducing insulin resistance
ExplanationEnhances cellular response to insulin, improving glucose uptake and utilization.
#14
Which medication is commonly used to treat diabetic gastroparesis?
Reglan (metoclopramide)
ExplanationHelps alleviate delayed stomach emptying, a common symptom of gastroparesis.
#15
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of exercise in diabetes management?
Regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes.
ExplanationPromotes glucose uptake by muscles, reducing reliance on insulin for blood sugar control.