#1
Which of the following is a neural tube defect?
Down syndrome
Spina bifida
Cleft lip
Turner syndrome
#2
Which of the following is NOT a neural tube defect?
Anencephaly
Spina bifida
Cleft palate
Encephalocele
#3
Which of the following factors increases the risk of neural tube defects?
Regular exercise during pregnancy
Advanced maternal age
Healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Low socioeconomic status
#4
Which trimester of pregnancy is most critical for the prevention of neural tube defects through folic acid supplementation?
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Throughout pregnancy
#5
What is the prevalence of neural tube defects among pregnancies affected by maternal diabetes?
Higher than average
Lower than average
Equal to average
Depends on the type of diabetes
#6
What is the primary cause of neural tube defects?
Genetic factors
Maternal smoking
Folic acid deficiency
Physical trauma
#7
Which of the following neural tube defects is characterized by an absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp?
Anencephaly
Encephalocele
Spina bifida occulta
Meningocele
#8
At what stage of fetal development does the neural tube typically close?
At birth
During the first trimester
During the second trimester
During the third trimester
#9
What is the role of folic acid in preventing neural tube defects?
It helps in fetal brain development
It promotes spinal cord formation
It aids in the closure of the neural tube
It prevents genetic mutations
#10
Which part of the nervous system does a neural tube defect affect?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Enteric nervous system
#11
Which of the following interventions has been shown to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?
Increased caffeine intake
Avoiding prenatal care
Supplementation with folic acid
Exposure to environmental toxins
#12
Which of the following is a prenatal screening test used to detect neural tube defects?
Amniocentesis
Ultrasound
Chorionic villus sampling
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test
#13
What percentage of neural tube defects can be prevented by adequate maternal folic acid intake?
#14
Which of the following is a common symptom of neural tube defects in newborns?
Jaundice
Respiratory distress
Polydactyly
Difficulty feeding
#15
Which of the following is a neural tube defect characterized by a protrusion of the spinal cord and its covering through a defect in the vertebrae?
Myelomeningocele
Meningocele
Encephalocele
Anencephaly