#1
According to Kohlberg's theory, which stage of moral development is characterized by obedience and punishment orientation?
Preconventional Level
ExplanationFocus on avoiding punishment and following rules for personal gain.
#2
What is the primary focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Cognitive development
ExplanationEmphasizes the role of cognitive processes in shaping moral reasoning.
#3
Which term describes the process by which individuals learn moral values and behaviors from the culture around them?
Moral socialization
ExplanationAcquisition of moral values and behaviors from cultural influences.
#4
What is the name of the moral dilemma often used by Kohlberg to assess moral reasoning?
The Heinz dilemma
ExplanationCommon scenario employed to evaluate moral decision-making.
#5
At which stage of moral development, according to Kohlberg, do individuals follow laws and rules to maintain social order?
Conventional Level
ExplanationAdherence to social norms and laws for societal harmony.
#6
According to Kohlberg, what is the highest stage of moral development?
Postconventional Level
ExplanationEmphasis on self-chosen ethical principles and individual rights.
#7
According to Kohlberg, what is the focus of moral reasoning at the preconventional level?
Personal gain and avoiding punishment
ExplanationMotivated by self-interest and the avoidance of negative consequences.
#8
What does Kohlberg suggest as a key influence on an individual's moral development?
Cultural experiences
ExplanationImpact of cultural backgrounds and experiences on moral growth.
#9
What did Lawrence Kohlberg build upon in his theory of moral development?
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
ExplanationIncorporates Piaget's ideas on cognitive growth as a foundation.
#10
In Kohlberg's theory, what characterizes moral reasoning at the postconventional level?
Social contract and individual rights
ExplanationDecision-making based on societal agreements and individual freedoms.
#11
At which level of moral development do individuals base their moral decisions on self-chosen ethical principles?
Postconventional Level
ExplanationDecision-making guided by personally chosen ethical principles.
#12
What criticism has been directed towards Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
All of the above
ExplanationCritiques include cultural bias, gender bias, and a narrow focus on reasoning.
#13
Which critique is commonly raised against Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
All of the above
ExplanationCritiques encompass cultural, gender biases, and a narrow perspective.
#14
What did Kohlberg propose as the final stage of moral development, characterized by adherence to universal ethical principles?
Postconventional Level
ExplanationFinal stage marked by commitment to universal ethical principles.