Molecular Biology and Genetic Testing Quiz

Test your knowledge on DNA, RNA, genetic disorders, and testing methods with this molecular biology quiz in genomic medicine.

#1

Which molecule carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses?

RNA
DNA
Protein
Lipid
#2

In which cellular organelle does translation occur?

Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
#3

Which process involves the conversion of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein?

Replication
Translation
Transcription
Reverse transcription
#4

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Replicative RNA (rRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
#5

What is the primary function of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in molecular biology?

To amplify DNA
To transcribe RNA
To degrade proteins
To isolate lipids
#6

Which of the following is a technique used to separate macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Western Blot
Gel Electrophoresis
ELISA
#7

What is the term for a heritable change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

Mutation
Translation
Transcription
Replication
#8

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during DNA replication?

RNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
DNA polymerase
#9

What is the name of the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template?

Replication
Translation
Transcription
Reverse transcription
#10

Which of the following genetic testing methods involves examining a small sample of fetal cells to detect chromosomal abnormalities?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Karyotyping
Western blot
ELISA
#11

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

Huntington's disease
Cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome
Sickle cell anemia
#12

What is the term for a mutation that results in a change to the DNA sequence but does not change the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein?

Nonsense mutation
Silent mutation
Missense mutation
Frameshift mutation
#13

What is the name of the genetic disorder characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine, leading to intellectual disability and other health problems?

Tay-Sachs disease
Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Muscular dystrophy
#14

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, leading to progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain?

Huntington's disease
Cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome
Sickle cell anemia
#15

What is the term for the process by which a single gene can produce multiple different forms of a protein?

Polymorphism
Allelic variation
Alternative splicing
Epigenetics
#16

Which of the following is a technique used to identify individuals based on variations in their DNA sequence?

Genetic screening
Gene editing
DNA fingerprinting
Gene therapy

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