Basic Concepts in Genetics Quiz

Explore key genetic principles with questions on inheritance, chromosomes, and gene expression. Challenge yourself with this engaging genetics quiz!

#1

Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
James Watson
Francis Crick
#2

What is the term for alternative forms of a gene?

Allele
Phenotype
Genotype
Homozygous
#3

What is the term for the study of how genes are passed from parents to offspring?

Genetics
Evolution
Ecology
Embryology
#4

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

Cystic fibrosis
Huntington's disease
Down syndrome
Sickle cell anemia
#5

What is the term for a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?

Mutation
Translation
Transcription
Replication
#6

Which of the following represents a sex-linked inheritance pattern?

Hemophilia
Marfan syndrome
Huntington's disease
Cystic fibrosis
#7

What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genotype and the environment?

Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Homozygous
#8

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype?

Aa
BB
AB
Cc
#9

What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism?

Genotype
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Dominant
#10

What is the name of the process where RNA is synthesized from DNA?

Translation
Transcription
Replication
Reverse transcription
#11

What is the name of the process where genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis?

Crossing over
Independent assortment
Replication
Translocation
#12

In humans, what is the sex determination system where females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome?

XX-XY system
XX-XO system
ZZ-ZW system
Haploid-diploid system
#13

Which of the following is NOT a type of chromosomal mutation?

Deletion
Insertion
Point mutation
Inversion
#14

What is the name of the process where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids?

Transcription
Translation
Replication
Reverse transcription
#15

What does the law of independent assortment state?

Genes located on the same chromosome are inherited together
Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation
The inheritance of one trait is not affected by the inheritance of another trait
Only one allele of each gene is passed on to the offspring
#16

In a dihybrid cross involving two heterozygous parents (AaBb x AaBb), what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring according to Mendel's law of independent assortment?

9:3:3:1
3:1
1:2:1
1:1:1:1
#17

Which of the following represents a codominant inheritance pattern?

Incomplete dominance
Pleiotropy
Multiple alleles
ABO blood group system
#18

Which of the following is an example of epistasis?

Inheritance of ABO blood types
Inheritance of sickle cell anemia
Inheritance of coat color in mice
Inheritance of baldness in humans
#19

What is the term for the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division?

Mutation
Crossing over
Nondisjunction
Translocation
#20

In a monohybrid cross, if the dominant phenotype appears in the F1 generation but both the dominant and recessive phenotypes reappear in the F2 generation, what is the genotype of the parents?

Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Pleiotropic
#21

What is the term for a trait that is determined by multiple genes?

Monogenic trait
Polygenic trait
Recessive trait
Dominant trait

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