#1
Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Persistent sadness and loss of interest
ExplanationKey indicators include prolonged feelings of deep sadness and a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
#2
What is the most common anxiety disorder?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
ExplanationGAD is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.
#3
Which of the following is a common symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Persistent re-experiencing of traumatic events
ExplanationIndividuals with PTSD may vividly relive traumatic events through flashbacks or nightmares.
#4
What is a hallmark symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Difficulty concentrating and impulsivity
ExplanationADHD is characterized by persistent issues with attention span and impulse control.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?
Mood swings
ExplanationSchizophrenia symptoms typically include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, but not mood swings.
#6
What is a common characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
Intense fear of criticism and rejection
ExplanationIndividuals with avoidant personality disorder often avoid social interactions due to a deep-seated fear of criticism and rejection.
#7
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Intrusive thoughts followed by repetitive behaviors
ExplanationOCD involves intrusive thoughts (obsessions) leading to compulsive rituals or behaviors.
#8
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine dysregulation is linked to the development of symptoms in schizophrenia.
#9
What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
To modify irrational thoughts and behaviors
ExplanationCBT focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve mental health.
#10
What is the primary neurotransmitter targeted by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Serotonin
ExplanationSSRIs enhance serotonin levels, alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety.
#11
Which therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of unconditional positive regard and empathy?
Person-centered therapy
ExplanationPerson-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, prioritizes empathy and unconditional positive regard in facilitating personal growth.
#12
Which brain structure is primarily implicated in the regulation of emotions and fear response?
Amygdala
ExplanationThe amygdala plays a central role in processing emotions, especially fear responses.
#13
What is the primary focus of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
Developing skills to manage distress and regulate emotions
ExplanationDBT emphasizes acquiring coping skills to manage emotional distress and improve interpersonal relationships.
#14
Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by benzodiazepines?
GABA
ExplanationBenzodiazepines enhance the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, leading to calming effects and reduced anxiety.
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of borderline personality disorder?
Rapid shifts in mood, self-image, and behavior
ExplanationBPD is marked by intense mood swings and unstable self-image and behavior.
#16
What is a potential side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications?
Tardive dyskinesia
ExplanationTardive dyskinesia involves involuntary and repetitive movements, often arising from prolonged use of antipsychotics.
#17
Which of the following is a symptom of bipolar disorder?
Periods of extreme elation and energy
ExplanationBipolar disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of mania (elevated mood) and depression.
#18
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia?
Disorganized thinking and speech
ExplanationSchizophrenia often involves disorganized thinking, leading to incoherent speech and impaired communication.
#19
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Presence of two or more distinct personality states
ExplanationDID involves the presence of two or more distinct personality states, often accompanied by memory gaps and identity shifts.