#1
Which of the following terms refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the body?
Benign
Malignant
Metastasis
Remission
#2
What does the term 'carcinoma' specifically refer to?
A type of cancer that begins in the blood-forming cells
A cancer that starts in the epithelial cells lining the external and internal surfaces of the body
A cancer that originates in the bone marrow
A tumor formed in the connective tissues
#3
Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures?
X-ray
CT scan
MRI
Ultrasound
#4
What does the term 'remission' mean in cancer treatment?
The recurrence of cancer after initial treatment
The spread of cancer to distant organs
The temporary or permanent disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer
The initial diagnosis of cancer
#5
Which of the following is a common type of skin cancer?
Leukemia
Melanoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
#6
Which of the following is a common type of leukemia?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Multiple myeloma
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Glioblastoma multiforme
#7
What is the purpose of a PET scan in oncology?
To detect cancer cells in the body
To analyze genetic mutations in cancer cells
To monitor the progression of cancer treatment
To remove cancerous tumors
#8
Which of the following is a common side effect of chemotherapy?
Hair loss
Weight gain
Improved appetite
Increased energy levels
#9
What does the TNM staging system in cancer stand for?
Tumor, Nodule, Metastasis
Tumor, Node, Metastasis
Tissue, Nodule, Metastasis
Tissue, Node, Malignancy
#10
Which of the following is NOT a primary treatment option for cancer?
Surgery
Immunotherapy
Radiation therapy
Antibiotic therapy
#11
What does the term 'neoadjuvant therapy' mean in cancer treatment?
Treatment given after surgery to prevent cancer recurrence
Treatment given before surgery to shrink tumors
Treatment given to manage cancer-related pain
Treatment given to relieve symptoms of advanced cancer
#12
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing cancer?
Obesity
Smoking
Regular exercise
Excessive alcohol consumption
#13
What is the function of a tumor suppressor gene?
Stimulating cell growth
Promoting apoptosis (cell death)
Inducing mutations in DNA
Enhancing cell division
#14
What does the term 'oncogene' refer to in oncology?
A gene that suppresses the growth of cancer cells
A normal gene that can become an oncogene through mutation
A gene that repairs damaged DNA
A gene that regulates cell division
#15
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to cancer?
To transport oxygen throughout the body
To filter out toxins from the blood
To produce hormones that regulate metabolism
To help the body fight infection and disease, including cancer
#16
Which of the following is a potential long-term side effect of radiation therapy?
Nausea and vomiting
Hair loss
Fatigue
Secondary cancers
#17
What does the term 'angiogenesis' refer to in cancer biology?
The process by which cancer cells invade nearby tissues
The formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients to tumors
The ability of cancer cells to resist apoptosis (cell death)
The spread of cancer cells to distant sites in the body
#18
What is the primary purpose of hormone therapy in prostate cancer?
To directly kill cancer cells
To reduce the size of tumors
To slow or stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking the action of hormones
To boost the immune system's ability to fight cancer