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Legal Systems and Judicial Processes Quiz

#1

Which type of legal system is based on precedent and decisions from previous cases?

Common Law
Explanation

Based on judicial decisions and precedent.

#2

Which legal system is primarily based on codified laws and statutes?

Civil Law
Explanation

Laws primarily codified.

#3

Which legal doctrine allows a court to declare a legislative act unconstitutional?

Judicial Review
Explanation

Court's power to annul laws.

#4

What is the term for a legal document that compels a person to appear in court as a witness or to produce certain documents?

Subpoena
Explanation

Court-ordered appearance or document production.

#5

Which legal principle allows a defendant to be held liable for the actions of another person, even if the defendant did not directly commit the wrongful act?

Vicarious Liability
Explanation

Indirect liability for another's actions.

#6

In which phase of a criminal trial does the accused enter a plea of 'guilty' or 'not guilty'?

Arraignment
Explanation

Plea declaration phase.

#7

What does 'habeas corpus' refer to in legal terms?

A court order to bring a person before the court
Explanation

Court order for prisoner presentation.

#8

What is the term for the process where parties in a dispute agree to resolve their issues with the help of a neutral third party?

Mediation
Explanation

Dispute resolution with neutral party.

#9

In the context of criminal law, what is 'mens rea'?

A guilty mind
Explanation

Criminal intent.

#10

What is the primary purpose of a deposition in legal proceedings?

To gather evidence
Explanation

Evidence collection process.

#11

In the U.S. legal system, what does 'voir dire' refer to?

Jury selection process
Explanation

Jury screening process.

#12

Which court is the highest appellate court in the United States federal judiciary?

Supreme Court
Explanation

Top federal appellate court.

#13

What is the principle that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense?

Double Jeopardy
Explanation

Protection against repeated trials.

#14

What is the purpose of a grand jury in the legal system?

To issue indictments
Explanation

To decide on indictment necessity.

#15

What is the term for a legal dispute between two parties that does not involve criminal charges?

Civil Case
Explanation

Non-criminal legal dispute.

#16

What is the term for a legal principle that prevents a person from asserting a claim or right that contradicts their previous actions or statements?

Estoppel
Explanation

Prevents contradiction in claims.

#17

Which legal concept involves the intentional or reckless infliction of emotional distress, separate from physical harm?

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED)
Explanation

Infliction of emotional distress.

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