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Legal Rights and Procedures in Criminal Justice Quiz

#1

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial?

Sixth Amendment
Explanation

Constitutional right to swift and impartial trial

#2

What is the legal principle that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense?

Double jeopardy
Explanation

Protection from being prosecuted twice for the same crime

#3

What is the legal term for the act of intentionally making a false statement under oath?

Perjury
Explanation

Lying under oath

#4

Which of the following is NOT a type of plea in a criminal trial?

Probation
Explanation

Alternative to pleading guilty or not guilty

#5

What is the term for a legal document issued by a judge that authorizes law enforcement officers to make an arrest, search a premises, or seize property?

Warrant
Explanation

Court authorization for law enforcement actions

#6

Which of the following is NOT a component of the criminal justice system?

Legislature
Explanation

Law-making body, separate from criminal justice processes

#7

In criminal law, what is the standard of proof required for a conviction?

Beyond a reasonable doubt
Explanation

High level of certainty required for conviction

#8

Which of the following is NOT a step in the criminal justice process?

Probation
Explanation

Supervision as an alternative to imprisonment

#9

What does 'habeas corpus' mean in the context of criminal justice?

You have the body
Explanation

Legal protection against unlawful detention

#10

What is the legal concept that allows police to search a person or their property without a warrant in certain circumstances?

Exigent circumstances
Explanation

Emergency situations permitting warrantless searches

#11

What is the term for a serious crime that is typically punishable by imprisonment or death?

Felony
Explanation

Serious offense with severe penalties

#12

What is the term for a legal defense in which the defendant admits to committing the crime but claims it was necessary to prevent a greater harm?

Justification
Explanation

Defense based on necessity of actions

#13

In the context of criminal law, what does 'mens rea' refer to?

The guilty mind or criminal intent
Explanation

Criminal intent or state of mind

#14

What is the term for a formal accusation of a serious crime, issued by a grand jury?

Indictment
Explanation

Formal charge based on grand jury decision

#15

Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case established the Miranda rights?

Miranda v. Arizona
Explanation

Ruling requiring informing suspects of their rights

#16

In the United States, what does the 'burden of proof' refer to in a criminal trial?

The responsibility to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
Explanation

Requirement to establish guilt with strong evidence

#17

What is the term for a legal process through which a person's criminal record is erased or sealed from public view?

Expungement
Explanation

Removal or sealing of criminal records

#18

What is the legal term for a person's formal declaration of guilt in response to criminal charges?

Plea
Explanation

Formal admission of guilt

#19

In criminal law, what is the legal principle that a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty?

Presumption of innocence
Explanation

Assumption of innocence until proven guilty

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